Author of

• 25846

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  MA08 - Clinical Trials in Brain Metastases (ID 906)

  • Event: WCLC 2018
  • Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
  • Track: Advanced NSCLC
  • Presentations: 1
  • Moderators:
  • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 15:15 - 16:45, Room 203 BD

  • 25849

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    MA08.05 - Brain Penetration of Lorlatinib and Cumulative Incidence Rates for CNS and Non CNS Progression from a Phase 1/2 Study (ID 12760)

    15:45 - 15:50  |  Presenting Author(s): Todd M. Bauer
    • Abstract
    • Presentation
    • Slides

    Background
    

    The potent, selective, third-generation ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) lorlatinib was designed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In a phase 1/2 study, lorlatinib showed robust clinical activity in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most of whom had CNS metastases and failed ≥1 ALK TKI. In preclinical studies, lorlatinib demonstrated high BBB permeability with rapid brain uptake in vivo and significant activity against ALK-positive intracranial tumor models.^1,2 To assess brain penetration of lorlatinib in a clinical setting, we report exploratory analyses from a phase 1/2 study (NCT01970865), evaluating CSF-to-plasma concentration ratios from a small sample of patients and cumulative incidence rates (CIRs) of CNS progression, non-CNS progression and deaths for pretreated patients with ALK-positive NSCLC ± baseline CNS metastases.

    a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
    

    Across the ongoing phase 1/2 study, 5 patients at lorlatinib 100 mg QD starting dose underwent CSF sampling. Patients with ALK-positive NSCLC with ≥1 prior ALK TKI were analysed for progressive disease, categorized as either CNS or non-CNS progression, based on independent central review. CIRs for patients in expansion cohorts EXP2–5 from the phase 2 portion of the phase 1/2 study (N=198) were calculated using competing risks methodology.

    4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
    

    In patients (n=5), mean CSF-to-plasma concentration ratio was 0.73 (SD 0.14). The table shows CIRs at 6 and 12 months.

    Months	Cumulative Incidence Probability
    Patients with ≥1 prior ALK TKIa	CNS Progression	Non-CNS Progression	Death
    All patients (n=198)
    6 mos 12 mos	0.13 0.18	0.25 0.37	0.05 NE
    Patients with baseline CNS metastases (n=131)
    6 mos 12 mos	0.14 0.22	0.21 0.31	NE NE
    Patients with no baseline CNS metastases (n=67)
    6 mos 12 mos	NE NE	0.32 0.49	0.05 NE
    aPatients in expansion cohorts EXP2–5 from the phase 2 study NE, not evaluable

    8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
    

    Lorlatinib showed high BBB permeability as evidenced by a high mean CSF-to-plasma concentration ratio, in line with preclinical rat studies showing CNS penetration. This translated into high activity against CNS metastases as suggested by the numerically higher probability of the first progression event being extracranial rather than intracranial, including in patients with a history of CNS metastases.

    References

    1. Collier, et al. Mol Imaging 2017;16:1–3.

    2. Zou, et al. Cancer Cell 2015;28:70–81.

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• 25767

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  OA05 - Clinical Trials in IO (ID 899)

  • Event: WCLC 2018
  • Type: Oral Abstract Session
  • Track: Advanced NSCLC
  • Presentations: 1
  • Moderators:
  • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 13:30 - 15:00, Room 106

  • 25771

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    OA05.02 - Epacadostat Plus Pembrolizumab in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Phase 1/2 Results from ECHO-202/KEYNOTE-037 (ID 13535)

    13:40 - 13:50  |  Author(s): Todd M. Bauer
    • Abstract
    • Presentation
    • Slides

    Background
    

    Epacadostat (E) is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of the indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme. ECHO-202/KEYNOTE-037 is an open-label, phase 1/2 study of E + pembrolizumab (P) in patients (pts) with advanced tumors (NCT02178722). We report updated efficacy and safety data for the phase 1 and 2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort as of 8 Jan 2018 data cutoff.

    a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
    

    Adult pts with prior platinum-based therapy (tx), no prior immune checkpoint inhibitors, and those intolerant to EGFR-targeted therapy were eligible. Pts could receive E (25, 50, 100, or 300 mg twice daily [BID]) + P (2 mg/kg or 200 mg every 3 weeks [Q3W]) during phase 1; maximum tolerated dose was not achieved. E (100 mg BID) + P (200 mg Q3W) tx doses were selected for phase 2 evaluation. Efficacy was assessed by RECIST v1.1 criteria. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) was evaluated using the 22C3 pharmDx assay. IDO1 status was measured by RNAScope. Safety was assessed in pts receiving ≥1 E + P dose.

    4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
    

    A total of 70 pts (phase 1, n=12; phase 2, n=58) were evaluated. Median age was 63 years and 57% of pts were female. EGFR mutation status (+/-/not available) was 10%/71%/19%; KRAS status was 19%/26%/56%, respectively. Most pts had adenocarcinoma (70%), a history of smoking (76%), and 0–1 prior lines of tx (64%). PD-L1 TPS results were available in 55/70 pts; IDO1 status (+/-) in 41/70 pts. Overall, the objective response rate (ORR; complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]) and disease control rate (CR + PR + stable disease [SD]) were 29% (20/70; 17 PR) and 50% (35/70; 15 SD), respectively. ORR was 22% (2/9) in pts with TPS ≥50% and 0–1 prior tx; for pts with TPS <50% and 0–1 prior tx, ORR was 22% (5/23). ORR for pts with IDO1+ and IDO1- tumors were 24% (6/25) and 19% (3/16), respectively. At data cutoff, 10/20 responses were ongoing. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.0 mo (90% confidence interval, 2.1–6.2 mo); PFS rates at 6, 12, and 18 mo were 43% (33%–53%), 31% (22%–40%), and 17% (10%–26%), respectively. Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 27% of pts; 3 pts discontinued due to TRAEs; and no TRAEs led to death.

    8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
    

    The E + P combination was generally well tolerated and associated with promising responses in pts with NSCLC.

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• 25909

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  OA12 - Novel Therapies in MET, RET and BRAF (ID 921)

  • Event: WCLC 2018
  • Type: Oral Abstract Session
  • Track: Targeted Therapy
  • Presentations: 1
  • Moderators:
  • Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 15:15 - 16:45, Room 106

  • 26109

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    OA12.07 - Clinical Activity of LOXO-292, a Highly Selective RET Inhibitor, in Patients with RET Fusion+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (ID 13922)

    16:20 - 16:30  |  Author(s): Todd M. Bauer
    • Abstract
    • Presentation
    • Slides

    Background
    

    RET kinase gene fusions are actionable drivers that occur in ~2% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). However, the clinical activity of multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) with anti-RET activity in RET fusion+ NSCLC patients has been limited. LOXO-292 is a highly selective RET inhibitor, with preclinical activity against diverse RET fusions, potential acquired resistance mutations, and against brain metastases.

    a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
    

    LIBRETTO-001 is a multicenter global phase 1/2 study (26 sites, 9 countries) enrolling patients w/ advanced solid tumors (NCT03157128) including RET fusion+ NSCLC. Patients are dosed orally in 28-day cycles with dose escalation following a 3+3 design. The primary endpoint is MTD/recommended dose determination. Secondary endpoints include safety, overall response rate (ORR, RECIST 1.1) and duration of response (DoR). Initial data were presented at the ASCO 2018 Annual Meeting.

    4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
    

    As of 02-April 18, 82 solid tumor patients (including 38 RET fusion+ NSCLC) were treated at 8 doses (20 mg QD-240 mg BID). The MTD was not reached. AEs (≥10% of patients) were fatigue (20%), diarrhea (16%), constipation (15%), dry mouth (12%), nausea (12%), and dyspnea (11%); most were grade 1-2. 2 TEAEs ≥ grade 3 were attributed to LOXO-292 (Gr3 tumor lysis syndrome, Gr3 increased ALT). Of the 38 RET fusion+ NSCLC pts, 30 had at least 1 post-baseline assessment or discontinued LOXO-292 prior to such assessment. 26 of 30 patients (87%) had >20% radiographic tumor reduction (range: -21 to -72%). The ORR was 77% (23/30, 3 responses pending confirmation) with a confirmed ORR of 74% (20/27, excluding 3 patients with unconfirmed responses). The response rate was similar regardless of prior MKI treatment (12/15 MKI-naïve, 11/15 MKI pretreated). Responses occurred independent of upstream fusion partner when known (13/16 KIF5B vs 9/11 other) and included patients w/ baseline brain metastases. Most patients remained on treatment (33/38), including all responders. The median DoR was not reached (longest response was the first responder: >10+ months). Rapid plasma clearance of RET variants was observed, with complete clearance by day 15 in 10 of 17 (59%) NSCLC patients with assessable baseline and day 15 ctDNA.

    8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
    

    LOXO-292 was well-tolerated and had marked antitumor activity in RET-fusion+ NSCLC patients, including those w/ resistance to prior MKIs and brain metastases. Phase 2 cohorts are now open globally (160 mg BID). Updated safety and efficacy data as of 19 Jul 2018 will be presented.

    6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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• 25933

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  P1.13 - Targeted Therapy (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 945)

  • Event: WCLC 2018
  • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
  • Track:
  • Presentations: 1
  • Moderators:
  • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall

  • 26594

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    P1.13-06 - First-Line Lorlatinib Versus Crizotinib for Advanced Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive (ALK⁺) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (ID 12773)

    16:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Todd M. Bauer
    • Abstract
    • Slides

    Background
    

    Lorlatinib and crizotinib are oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors with activity against ALK and ROS1 fusion proteins. Crizotinib is well tolerated and has superior efficacy compared to chemotherapy for treatment of patients with advanced ALK⁺ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to crizotinib can develop, and the central nervous system (CNS) is often a site of disease relapse. Second-generation ALK inhibitors, ceritinib and alectinib, have demonstrated activity in crizotinib-naive or resistant treatment settings, and alectinib has been shown to have superior progression-free survival (PFS) compared to crizotinib as first-line therapy. Lorlatinib is a selective, CNS-penetrant ALK inhibitor that has potent activity against ALK and kinase domain resistance mutations, including the difficult-to-treat G1202R mutation.Lorlatinib has shown clinical activity in patients previously treated with crizotinib and other ALK inhibitors, including patients with progressive CNS metastases. This study aims to determine if lorlatinib is superior to crizotinib in prolonging PFS in treatment-naïve patients and to identify candidate biomarkers predictive of clinical efficacy or treatment resistance.

    a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
    

    Trial Design

    This global, multicenter, open-label phase 3 study will enroll ~280 treatment-naïve patients. Eligible patients must be aged ≥18 years, have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2 and ≥1 measurable extracranial target lesion not previously treated with radiotherapy. Patients with asymptomatic brain metastases are eligible. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to lorlatinib 100 mg once daily or crizotinib 250 mg twice daily and stratified by presence of brain metastases (yes/no) and ethnicity (Asian/non-Asian). Treatment will continue until disease progression, patient refusal, or unacceptable toxicity. Crossover between treatment arms will not be permitted. The primary endpoint is PFS based on blinded independent central review (BICR) using RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints include PFS based on investigator assessment, overall survival, objective response (OR) by BICR and investigator assessment; intracranial (IC) OR (periodic magnetic resonance imaging will be performed for central nervous system evaluation), IC time to progression, duration of response and time to response all by BICR; tumor tissue and peripheral blood circulating free DNA biomarker assessment, adverse events and patient-reported health-related outcomes as assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 EORTC (QLQ-C30) and EORTC Lung Cancer Module (QLQ-LC13), and the 5-level EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). The first patient was screened on April 14, 2017. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03052608.

    4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
    

    Section not applicable

    8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
    

    Section not applicable

    6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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