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Matthew D. Hellmann
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MA04 - Novel Approaches with IO (ID 900)
- Event: WCLC 2018
- Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
- Track: Immunooncology
- Presentations: 2
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 13:30 - 15:00, Room 107
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MA04.05 - Outcomes in NSCLC Patients Treated with First-Line Pembrolizumab and a PD-L1 TPS of 50-74% vs 75-100% or 50-89% vs 90-100% (ID 14358)
14:00 - 14:05 | Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Among patients with NSCLC and a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥50%, the response rate to the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab is ~45%. Whether certain subsets of patients with a PD-L1 TPS ≥50% are more likely to benefit from treatment with a PD-1 inhibitor is currently unknown. We compared outcomes among NSCLC patients treated with first-line pembrolizumab and different PD-L1 TPS groupings: 50-74% vs 75-100% or 50-89% vs 90-100%.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
We retrospectively analyzed patients who received commercial pembrolizumab as first-line treatment for NSCLC with a PD-L1 TPS of ≥50% from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Massachusetts General Hospital. Clinicopathologic characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared among patients with a PD-L1 TPS of 50-74% vs 75-100% or 50-89% vs 90-100%. Event-time distributions were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and compared with the log-rank test.
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
172 patients were identified for inclusion in this study. In the entire cohort, the overall response rate (ORR) to pembrolizumab was 33.9%, median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 4.8 months, and median overall survival (mOS) was 20.6 months. Compared to patients with TPS 50-74% (N=68, 39.5%), patients with TPS 75-100% (N=104, 60.5%) had a significantly higher ORR (45.2% vs 20.6%, P=0.001), a significantly longer mPFS (5.3 vs 2.5 mo, HR=0.61 [95% CI: 0.41-0.90], P=0.008), and a trend towards improved mOS (33.6 vs 20.6 mo, HR=0.60 [95% CI: 0.34-1.04], P=0.056). Compared to patients with TPS 50-89% (N=99, 57.6%), patients with TPS 90-100% (N=73, 42.4%) had a significantly higher ORR (50.7% vs 24.2%, P<0.001), a significantly longer mPFS (6.4 vs 2.8 mo, HR=0.52 [95% CI: 0.36-0.76], P<0.001), and a significantly longer mOS (33.6 vs 18.0 mo, HR=0.46 [95% CI: 0.27-0.79], P=0.008). There were no significant differences in smoking history, histology, sex, and age between patients in each TPS cutoff group.
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
Among NSCLCs with a PD-L1 TPS ≥50% treated with first-line pembrolizumab, higher PD-L1 TPS levels above 75% and 90% are associated with improved clinical outcomes compared to NSCLCs with lower PD-L1 levels.
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MA04.11 - Neoantigen Targeting and T Cell Reshaping in Resectable NSCLC Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade (ID 12605)
14:40 - 14:45 | Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
PD-1 blockade is now standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has recently shown impressive efficacy in promoting major pathologic response (MPR) and delaying relapse in the neoadjuvant setting. The role of tumor mutational burden, and specifically T cells targeting neoantigens derived from these mutations, in facilitating tumor clearance has been demonstrated in advanced NSCLC. However, it is unknown how neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade impacts the frequency and function of tumor specific T cells and their ability to promote major pathologic response, or how these factors may synergize to prevent or delay relapse after surgical resection.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
Whole exome sequencing and neoantigen prediction was performed on pre-treatment tumor biopsies and matched normal tissue from 11 patients with resectable NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab as part of a clinical trial (NCT02259621). T cell recognition of peptides representing candidate neoantigens was evaluated using the MANAFEST assay, which identifies T cell receptor clonotypes corresponding to antigen specificities. T cell receptor sequencing was additionally performed on serial peripheral blood T cells, pre-treatment tumor biopsies, and resected post-treatment tissues. A bioinformatic platform was developed to evaluate the dynamics of intratumoral T cell clonotypes, and more specifically neoantigen-specific clonotypes detected before, during, and after treatment and during long-term follow-up.
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
High-magnitude, polyclonal neoantigen-specific T cell responses were detected in the peripheral blood and persisted for many months after surgical resection and cessation of treatment. Binding to and stability with cognate HLA I molecules was validated for reactive neoantigens. Significant treatment-induced systemic perturbations in the tumor-specific T cell repertoire and an influx of peripheral T cell clonotypes into tumor tissue and lymph nodes was observed in patients regardless of pathologic response, whereas peripheral clonotypic reshaping of the anti-tumor repertoire and intratumoral T cell clonality were associated with MPR status.
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
We show significant and systemic alterations in the peripheral anti-tumor T cell repertoire in NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 regardless of MPR status. Notwithstanding, the impaired restructuring of the anti-tumor T cell repertoire in patients without MPR highlights a potential immunological deficiency to overcome in future therapeutic approaches aiming to increase the MPR rate in NSCLC patients treated with neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade.
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MA16 - Novel Mechanisms for Molecular Profiling (ID 917)
- Event: WCLC 2018
- Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
- Track: Advanced NSCLC
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 13:30 - 15:00, Room 203 BD
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MA16.04 - Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of EGFR Mutant Lung Cancers with Concurrent TP53 and RB1 Mutations. (ID 12513)
13:55 - 14:00 | Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
20% of patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma have activating EGFR-mutations. EGFR-mutant lung cancers can undergo histologic transformation to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) as a response to the selective pressure of EGFR-TKIs in <5% of patients after earlier-generation EGFR-TKIs and have been reported after osimertinib. SCLC nearly universally harbor TP53/RB1-alterations which are rarely seen in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas. We sought to identify this subset of patients, describe their clinical course and likelihood of SCLC transformation.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
Retrospective review of targeted next generation sequencing (NGS, MSK-IMACT) at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) was performed to identify patients with concurrent EGFR-activating mutations and TP53/RB1-mutations within the same tumor sample from NGS between April 2014 to February 2018 with a data cutoff of March 2018. For comparison, consecutive patients with lung cancers harboring EGFR-mutations who were EGFR-TKI naïve and TP53/RB1-wildtype were also collected during that time-period.
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
Of the 21% of lung cancer patients with activating EGFR-mutations (759/3662), 5% (40/759) had concurrent TP53/RB1-mutations. 43% (17/40) were female, 58% former-smokers (23/40, median pack-years: 8), and median age of 68 (range 25-86 years). 88% (35/40) were adenocarcinoma at diagnosis, of which 11% (4/35) transformed to SCLC during treatment; 10% (4/40) were de-novo SCLC at diagnosis, and 1 was large cell neuroendocrine. The transformation rate was significantly higher compared to previous work from MSK evaluating EGFR-mutant patients showing 4% (4/155) transformation (p=0.04). Concurrent PIK3CA mutations were more frequently seen in the EGFR/TP53/RB1 mutant group compared to the TP53/RB1-wildtype group (17% (n=6/35) vs 7% (n=4/60), p=0.11). 20 patients were EGFR TKI-naïve at the time of NGS; the median time on EGFR-TKI (ToT) was 7.6 months versus 14.2 months in the TP53/RB1-wildtype group (HR 4.48, p=0.0003). The overall survival (OS) of this cohort versus TP53/RB1-wildtype was not different (4.3 vs 4.1 years, HR 1.35, p=0.51). In the 4 patients with SCLC transformation, the median time to transformation was 2.4 years after a median of 1.5 EGFR-TKI therapies (range 1-5 lines). Median OS from time of transformation was 7 months. 63% (25/40) of the EGFR/TP53/RB1-mutant cohort had brain metastases during their disease course as compared to 50% (n=30) in the TP53/RB1-wildtype group (p=0.30).
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
SCLC transformation is enriched in EGFR/TP53/RB1-mutant lung cancers, occurring in 11% of patients. Once SCLC transformation occurs, overall survival is short. Patients with EGFR/TP53/RB1 have a shorter time on EGFR-TKI. Further investigation into optimal treatment for this subset of EGFR/TP53/RB1 mutant lung cancers is critical.
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MA19 - Genomic Markers of IO Response (ID 922)
- Event: WCLC 2018
- Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
- Track: Immunooncology
- Presentations: 2
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 15:15 - 16:45, Room 201 BD
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MA19.01 - Efficacy and Genomic Correlates of Response to Anti-PD1/PD-L1 Blockade in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers Harboring Targetable Oncogenes (ID 12921)
15:15 - 15:20 | Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are associated with improved outcomes in a subset of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLCs with targetable oncogenes are thought to be less responsive to ICI therapy, possibly due to association with never smoking status and reduced tumor mutational burden (TMB), but this has not been comprehensively characterized. We evaluated the responsiveness of NSCLCs with targetable oncogenes to ICIs, and if mutation type or TMB influence response.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
Clinicopathologic, radiographic response, and sequencing data for patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICI therapy was acquired from two separate cohorts (DFCI Oncopanel, n=296; MSKCC MSK-IMPACT, n=202). Durable clinical benefit (DCB) was defined as responsive/stable disease > 6 months. Samples with activating mutations in EGFR, ALK, ROS, BRAF, MET, and RET were identified. TMB was calculated as the sum of nonsynonymous mutations divided by the coding region captured in each panel. Objective response rates (ORR), DCB, and TMB were compared in targetable oncogene positive (TOP) vs oncogene negative (TON) patients. TMB was considered within each cohort to avoid confounding for differences in NGS panel technique.
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
Targetable oncogenes were identified in 16% (82/498) of patients; 44(9%) EGFR, 15(3%) MET exon 14 splice site mutated, 8(2%) BRAF V600E, 6(1%) ROS1 rearranged, 5(1%) ALK rearranged, and 4(1%) RET re-arranged. Response to ICIs was similar in TOP vs TON patients, with ORR of 18% and 20%, and median PFS of 2.7 vs 2.8 months in TOP vs TON patients respectively. Among TOP patients, response rates differed by mutation type; ORR rate was 11%(5/44) in EGFR mutated, 40%(6/15) in MET mutated, 25%(2/8) in BRAF mutated, 33%(2/6) in ROS1 rearranged, and 0% in RET and ALK rearranged cancers (0/4, 0/5 respectively). Compared to WT, TMB was lower in TOP tumors (OncoPanel median 9vs11, p=0.0064; IMPACT median 4vs8, p=2.25e-06). TMB did not correlate with objective response or DCB in TOP tumors when considered collectively or by mutation type (OncoPanel median TMB 10vs8 in DCB vs NDB, p=0.52; IMPACT median TMB 3vs5 in DCB vs NDB, p=0.31)(Mann-Whitney U for all).
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
Despite lower TMB in oncogene positive NSCLC, these patients still derive clinical benefit from ICIs. ICI responsiveness is likely mutation specific, and is most pronounced in MET and BRAF mutated cancers. Among targetable oncogene positive NSCLC, TMB did not distinguish benefit. Taken together, low TMB in the presence of oncogenic driver mutations should not preclude ICI therapy.
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MA19.09 - Concurrent Mutations in STK11 and KEAP1 is Associated with Resistance to PD-(L)1 Blockade in Patients with NSCLC Despite High TMB (ID 11983)
16:10 - 16:15 | Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) testing for lung cancer patients identifies recurrent patterns of co-mutations. STK11 is known to be associated with poor outcomes with immunotherapy. We have identified that STK11 is commonly co-mutated with KEAP1, but the impact of this pattern of co-mutation on response to immunotherapy is not known.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
We identified 308 patients with advanced lung cancer treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center who underwent NGS testing with MSK-IMPACT and received at least one dose of PD-(L)1 inhibitor. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from treatment initiation of PD-(L)1 blockade were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methodology and compared using logrank method and t-test for continuous variables.
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
In a cohort of 308 patients with NSCLC treated with PD-(L)1 blockade, STK11 or KEAP1 mutations occurred frequently (23% and 22% respectively) and concurrent STK11 and KEAP1 mutations (STK11mut/KEAP1mut) were common (56% of all STK11 mutant patients and 13% of all lung cancers, Fisher’s test of association p<0.0001). Other common co-mutations with STK11 included KRAS (50%) and TP53 (48%). STK11mut/KEAP1mut patients had higher TMB than STK11wt/KEAP1wt patients (median 9.4 vs 6.1, Mann-Whitney p= 0.0002).
STK11mut/KEAP1mut (n=39) patients had diminished PFS and OS compared to patients with STK11wt/KEAP1wt (n=210) (PFS HR 1.5, p=0.02; OS HR 2.3, p=0.001). As context, outcomes in STK11mut/KEAP1mut patients were similarly poor to EGFR mutant patients (n=28) treated with PD-(L)1 blockade (PFS p=0.7) despite substantially different tumor mutation burden (9.4 vs 4.9 mut/Mb, p<0.0001). Among STK11mut/KEAP1mut patients, poor outcomes were unchanged irrespective of KRAS status (PFS p=0.8, OS p=0.5). Patients with mutations in STK11 alone (n=31) or KEAP1 alone (n=28) had outcomes that more closely mirrored STK11wt/KEAP1wt patients (PFS p=0.9 and 0.1 respectively, OS p=0.1 and 0.2 respectively).
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
KEAP1 plus STK11 co-mutation is a common event in NSCLC that is distinctly associated with poor outcomes with PD-(L)1 blockade despite otherwise favor molecular features.
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OA05 - Clinical Trials in IO (ID 899)
- Event: WCLC 2018
- Type: Oral Abstract Session
- Track: Advanced NSCLC
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 13:30 - 15:00, Room 106
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OA05.01 - Efficacy/Safety of Entinostat (ENT) and Pembrolizumab (PEMBRO) in NSCLC Patients Previously Treated with Anti-PD-(L)1 Therapy (ID 12922)
13:30 - 13:40 | Presenting Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Treatment options are limited for lung cancer patients whose disease has progressed on anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. HDAC inhibitors may synergize with PD-(L)1 inhibition to overcome resistance. We report the interim results of a Phase 2 trial of entinostat (ENT), a class I selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, plus pembrolizumab (PEMBRO) in patients with NSCLC previously treated with anti-PD-(L)1 therapy.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
ENCORE-601 is an open-label study evaluating the combination of ENT + PEMBRO in patients with recurrent or metastatic NSCLC and prior progression on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Patients were eligible irrespective of histology or baseline PD-L1 expression. Patients were treated with ENT 5 mg PO weekly and PEMBRO 200 mg IV Q3W. The primary endpoint was ORR as assessed by irRECIST. Tumor biopsies and blood samples for immune correlates were taken prior to and during treatment in a subset of patients. A total of 70 patients will be enrolled.
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
Of 57 patients with anti-PD-(L)1 resistant/refractory NSCLC, the confirmed objective response rate with ENT + PEMBRO was 11% (6 of 57, 95% CI: 4-21%). Of 49 patients with post-baseline tumor measurements, 47% had at least some reduction in tumor. Anti-PD-(L)1 therapy was the most recent line of therapy in 38 of 57 patients, and the median time from last dose of prior anti-PD-(L)1 to study entry was 67 days. The median duration of response with ENT + PEMBRO was 5 months, with the longest over 14 months. Of the 6 responders, four were PD-L1 negative at study entry. Response was associated with a higher median baseline level of peripheral classical monocytes (CD14+CD16-HLA-DRhi) with 16.9% of total live PBMCs in responders (n=6) compared to 8.2% in non-responders (n=45). 5 patients (8.8%) experienced Grade 3/4 related irAEs (2 events each of pneumonitis and colitis, 1 event of hyperthyroidism). In addition, 19 patients (33.3%) experienced other Grade 3/4 related AEs with only fatigue, anemia, hypophosphatemia, and hyponatremia occurring in more than 1 patient. Additional correlative analyses to identify biomarkers of response, including whole exome sequencing and RNAseq, are in progress.
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
ENT + PEMBRO demonstrated anti-tumor activity and acceptable safety in patients with NSCLC who have progressed on prior PD-(L)1 blockade. Ongoing analysis of immune correlates may identify strategies for effective patient selection.
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P1.01 - Advanced NSCLC (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 933)
- Event: WCLC 2018
- Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
- Track:
- Presentations: 2
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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P1.01-02 - Long-Term Outcomes with First-Line Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced NSCLC: 3-Year Follow-Up from CheckMate 012 (ID 12380)
16:45 - 18:00 | Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
Background
CheckMate 012 (NCT01454102) is a phase 1 study evaluating several nivolumab monotherapy/combination regimens as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CheckMate 012 was the first study to suggest the benefit of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in NSCLC. In the phase 3 study CheckMate 227, nivolumab plus ipilimumab recently demonstrated significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) as well as more frequent, deeper, and more durable responses versus chemotherapy in patients with chemotherapy-naive advanced NSCLC and high tumor mutational burden (TMB). Here, we provide 2-year follow-up results for nivolumab plus ipilimumab from CheckMate 012. Three-year results, the longest follow-up to date for an immuno-oncology combination in NSCLC, will be presented.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
Eligible patients had recurrent stage IIIb or stage IV chemotherapy-naive NSCLC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–1. Patients received nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 12 weeks (n=38) or every 6 weeks (n=39) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal; pooled results of these two cohorts are presented. Endpoints included safety/tolerability (primary); objective response rate and PFS (secondary); and overall survival (OS), chemotherapy-free survival (CFS), and efficacy by TMB status (exploratory).
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
With 2 years of follow-up, no new safety signals were observed. Thirty-three of 77 patients (43%) achieved objective responses, including six investigator-assessed complete responses (8%), three of which were complete pathological responses. Responses were durable (median duration of response, not reached; range, 1.4+ to 27.9+ months). The 2-year PFS rate was 29%. At the time of database lock, 32 of 34 patients (94%) with OS ≥2 years were alive, with four (12%) remaining on treatment and progression-free; 14 (41%) were off treatment and progression-free without subsequent therapy. Three-year follow-up results to be presented include OS, PFS, and select data on CFS, efficacy by TMB status, and characteristics of long-term survivors.
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
With long-term follow-up, nivolumab plus ipilimumab continued to demonstrate durable clinical benefit and a consistent safety profile as first-line treatment for patients with advanced NSCLC.
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P1.01-68 - Correlation of the Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) and PDL1 Status with Outcomes for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced NSCLC Patients (ID 14256)
16:45 - 18:00 | Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
Background
Baseline LIPI, based on derived NLR (neutrophils/[leucocytes-neutrophils]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was associated with outcomes for immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced NSCLC patients. We assessed the correlation between LIPI and PDL1 for ICI outcomes in NSCLC.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
Baseline dNLR and LDH and clinical data were retrospectively collected in advanced NSCLC patients, treated with PD1/PDL1 +/- CTLA4 inhibitors from Nov. 2012 to Mar. 2018, in a multicentric cohort (N=794) from 11 centers. LIPI stratified 3 groups: good (dNLR<3+LDH<upper limit of normal (ULN), intermediate (dNLR>3 or LDH>ULN), poor risk (dNLR>3+LDH>ULN). PDL1 positivity was defined as ≥ 1% tumor cells expression by immunohistochemistry.
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
476 patients (60%) were male, 693 (87%) smokers, 695 (88%) had PS ≤1, with median age 65; 576 (73%) had nonsquamous histology. PDL1 was ≥ 1% in 195 (70%) patients, negative in 82 (30%), and unknown in 517. The median of prior lines was 1 (0-11). The median PFS and OS were 4 months (m) [95% CI 4-5] and 12 m [10-15]. dNLR was>3 in 276 (35%) and LDH>ULN in 290 (37%) patients. LIPI stratified 349 patients as good (44%), 323 (41%) as intermediate and 121 (15%) as poor LIPI risk groups. LIPI was an independent factor for OS (table) and PFS (HR 2.58; CI 1.3-5.2, P=0.02). ≥ 1% PDL1 and ≥ 50% PDL1 were not correlated with OS and PFS. Median OS for good, intermediate, and poor LIPI risk groups were 21 m [17-23], 11 m [9-14] and 4 m [2-6], respectively (P=<0.0001). Median PFS for good, intermediate, and poor risk was 5 m [5-7], 4 m [3-5], and 2 m [1-3], respectively (P=0.0005). No differences were observed in LIPI groups according to the PDL1 expression.
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e ConclusionMultivariate analysis for OS
HR
95% CI
P value
Immunotherapy line
>2
2.117
0.641
6.992
0.219
N# Metastasis sites
≥2
1.242
0.727
2.121
0.428
Performance status
≥2
2.141
1.059
4.332
0.034
Albumin
>35 g/dL
0.867
0.507
1.48
0.6
LIPI
Intermediate
Poor
1.697
4.178
0.917
1.956
3.142
8.925
0.001
PDL1 IHC
≥1%
0.713
0.406
1.252
0.239
Baseline LIPI is associated with ICI outcomes in advanced NSCLC, regardless the PDL1 expression. LIPI should be evaluated in prospective clinical trials.
6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53
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P2.06 - Mesothelioma (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 955)
- Event: WCLC 2018
- Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
- Track:
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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P2.06-40 - VISTA is Highly Expressed in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) and Independent of PD-L1 Expression (ID 13232)
16:45 - 18:00 | Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
Background
PD-1 blockade is effective in only a minority of MPM patients and predictors of response in MPM are unclear. Recent TCGA analysis of MPM revealed VISTA (V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation), another inhibitory T cell checkpoint protein, to be frequently expressed in MPMs. In search of other immunotherapeutic targets in MPM, we evaluated the expression of VISTA, its relationship with expression of PD-L1, and the association with response to PD-1 blockade in MPM.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
We retrospectively interrogated the MPM database at Memorial Sloan Kettering to identify patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Archival tissue, where available, was obtained and we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies to PD-L1 (clone E1L3N) and VISTA (clone D1L2G), both from Cell Signaling Technology. Imaging studies were reviewed with a thoracic radiologist according to the modified RECIST criteria.
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
37 patients were identified as having received at least one dose of ICI, of whom 26 patients had tissue for VISTA/PD-L1 testing. VISTA was positive (>1%) in 25 (96%) and >50% in 22 (84%). PD-L1 was positive in 11 (42%) and >50% in two (8%). No evident correlation between VISTA and PD-L1 expression was seen. Correlation with response will be reported.
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
In contrast to PD-L1, VISTA is highly expressed in most patients with MPM. Its expression appears independent of PD-L1 expression. Molecules targeting VISTA and its ligand should be prioritized for clinical development in MPM.
6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53
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P2.09 - Pathology (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 958)
- Event: WCLC 2018
- Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
- Track:
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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P2.09-05 - Evaluation of PD-L1-Stained Tumor Cells via the 22C3 and SP-142 Antibodies in Cohort of Patients Treated on KEYNOTE-001 (ID 12976)
16:45 - 18:00 | Author(s): Matthew D. Hellmann
- Abstract
Background
Four PD-L1 antibodies have been utilized in NSCLC clinical trials, with an analytical comparison demonstrating a high level of concordance between the percentage of PD-L1–stained tumor cells with three of these antibodies (22C3, 22C3, 28-8, and SP263), but not a fourth, SP-142 (Hirsch et al, JTO 2017). This finding led us to evaluate the relationship between the percentage of PD-L1–stained tumor cells with 22C3 and SP-142, as well as the association between the PD-L1 levels identified by each antibody and clinical outcomes in 28 NSCLC patients treated on KEYNOTE-001.
a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method
We performed a retrospective analysis of 28 NSCLC patients treated with pembrolizumab on the KEYNOTE-001 trial at UCLA (23pts) or MSKCC (5pts) with data cut-off 12/2017. Patients had PD-L1–stained tumor cell levels assessed by both the 22C3 antibody (Dako), via central evaluation as previously described (Garon et al, NEJM 2015) and the SP-142 antibody (Spring Bioscience) at UCLA in accordance with established methods (Zaretsky et al, NEJM 2016). Survival curves for PFS and OS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and formally compared between groups using the log-rank test. The association between PD-L1–stained tumor cell levels identified by the two antibodies was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result
In 61% (17/28) of patients, PD-L1 levels were grouped similarly (either <1%, 1-49%, or >50%) by both antibodies. Specifically, compared to 22C3 staining, SP-142 led to the same grouping for 63% (5/8) pts with >50% staining, 85% (11/13) pts with 1-49% staining, and 14% (1/7) pts w <1% staining. Evaluating the relationship between PD-L1 grouping and clinical outcomes via the SP-142 antibody revealed improved PFS and OS in pts with higher PD-L1 expression levels, while the 22C3 antibody predicted for improved PFS in these patients, but not improved OS [SP142 (PFS,OS): (p=0.0039, p=0.0425)][22C3 (PFS,OS): p=0.0121, p=0.1222). The PD-L1 results from the SP-142 and 22C3 antibodies were strongly associated (r =0.58, p=0.001).
8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion
The PD-L1–stained tumor cell levels in the majority of patients evaluated were similarly grouped into one of three categories (<1%, 1-49%, or >50%) by both 22C3 and SP142. This analysis is limited by small patient number, but suggests that the number of PD-L1–stained tumor cells identified by each antibody is similar and a higher PD-L1 level identified by either antibody predicts for improved clinical outcomes with pembrolizumab.
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