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Pianpian Cao
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OA09 - Lung Cancer: A Preventable Disease? (ID 134)
- Event: WCLC 2019
- Type: Oral Session
- Track: Prevention and Tobacco Control
- Presentations: 1
- Now Available
- Moderators:Bienvenido Barreiro, Carolyn Dresler
- Coordinates: 9/09/2019, 11:00 - 12:30, Melbourne (1991)
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OA09.03 - Patterns of Birth Cohort-Specific Smoking Histories by Family Income in the USA, 1982-2017 (Now Available) (ID 2734)
11:00 - 12:30 | Author(s): Pianpian Cao
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background
Although cigarette smoking has been declining significantly in the US over last several decades, disparities in tobacco use remain across different groups by race/ethnicity, education, socioeconomic status (SES), or regions. Specifically, people in lower family income have higher smoking prevalence, longer smoking durations and lower cessation rates than other income groups. However, little is known about how smoking patterns, including rates of initiation, cessation, and intensity, differ by birth cohort across various income levels.
Method
Using the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) family income data, we calculated individual income-to-poverty ratios from 1982-2017. Missing family income data from 1982-1996 was imputed using a sequential regression multivariate imputation method, the NHIS approach to impute missing continuous income from 1997-2017. Age-period-cohort models with constrained natural splines were used to estimate the annual probabilities of smoking initiation, cessation, and intensity by sex and birth-cohort for five income-to-poverty ratio groups (<1, 1-2,2-3,3-4 and 4+ times the poverty threshold). Age- and sex-specific smoking prevalence was also estimated for different income groups and birth cohorts.
Result
Smoking prevalence and initiation rates are decreasing by birth-cohort in all income-to-poverty ratio groups, while cessation rates are increasing. However, the relative smoking prevalence between low- and high-income groups is markedly increasing by birth-cohort (Figure 1). Smoking initiation probabilities are highest among those living below the poverty threshold, and inversely associated with income level. Conversely, people living below the poverty threshold have the lowest probabilities of quitting, with increasing smoking cessation probabilities in higher income groups. Age-specific smoking cessation probabilities vary considerably by income, especially in recent birth-cohorts for both men and women.
Figure 1. Age-specific current smoker prevalence for females (upper panels) and males (lower panels) for five income-to-poverty ratio groups (<1, 1-2,2-3,3-4 and 4+ times the poverty threshold) and selected birth cohorts.
Conclusion
Smoking prevalence has been decreasing in all income groups, however, disparities in smoking pattern between high and low-income populations are increasing with more recent birth-cohorts. Future studies evaluating disparities in smoking should account for differences by birth-cohort. The establishment of effective smoking intervention strategies specifically for low-income groups will be important to reduce tobacco-related health disparities.
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P1.10 - Prevention and Tobacco Control (ID 175)
- Event: WCLC 2019
- Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
- Track: Prevention and Tobacco Control
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/08/2019, 09:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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P1.10-01 - Patterns of Birth Cohort-Specific Smoking Histories by Race and Ethnicity in the US, 1965-2017 (ID 2680)
09:45 - 18:00 | Author(s): Pianpian Cao
- Abstract
Background
Smoking prevalence varies greatly by race and ethnicity in the US. However, little is known about how smoking prevalence or the rates of initiation and cessation vary by birth cohort among different sociodemographic groups.
Method
Data from the National Health Interview Survey 1965-2017 were utilized to obtain smoking-related information for U.S. adults. We developed age-period-cohort models with constrained natural splines to estimate smoking prevalence among different racial/ethnic groups; non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), Hispanics, American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AIAN), and Asians and Pacific Islanders (API). Annual probabilities of smoking initiation, cessation and intensity by age, birth cohort (1890-1990), sex, and race/ethnicity were also estimated.
Result
Age-specific probabilities of smoking initiation were highest among AIAN, second highest among NHW and lowest among API and Hispanics (Fig1). Initiation probabilities among NHB were comparable in the past to NHW’s, but have decreased relatively more rapidly in recent birth cohorts. In general, cessation probabilities were lowest among AIAN and NHB, and highest among NHW and API across birth cohorts and ages. Taken together the initiation and cessation probabilities result in the observed race/ethnicity patterns of smoking prevalence by race/ethnicity, birth-cohort and age (Fig2), where for instance prevalence among AIAN is generally highest across all ages and birth cohorts. Or where prevalence among NHB, particularly men, is lower than that in NHW for young ages but higher for older ages.
Conclusion
This study explored in depth historical smoking patterns by race/ethnicity in the US, identifying important differences not only in prevalence, but also on cohort- and age-specific initiation and cessation rates. These differences need be taken into account when planning tobacco control interventions. Among the demographic groups analyzed, AIANs remain as the group with the highest smoking prevalence and initiation and the lowest cessation rates, and thus deserve specific interventions.
