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Masahiro Tsuboi



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    IBS14 - Best Management of Early Stage NSCLC in ILD Patients (Ticketed Session) (ID 45)

    • Event: WCLC 2019
    • Type: Interactive Breakfast Session
    • Track: Treatment of Early Stage/Localized Disease
    • Presentations: 1
    • Now Available
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      IBS14.01 - Surgery (Now Available) (ID 3357)

      07:00 - 08:00  |  Presenting Author(s): Masahiro Tsuboi

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Abstract not provided

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    MA06 - Challenges in the Treatment of Early Stage NSCLC (ID 124)

    • Event: WCLC 2019
    • Type: Mini Oral Session
    • Track: Treatment of Early Stage/Localized Disease
    • Presentations: 1
    • Now Available
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      MA06.06 - A Phase III Study of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Completely Resected, Node-Negative Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer  (Now Available) (ID 285)

      13:30 - 15:00  |  Author(s): Masahiro Tsuboi

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background

      Post-operative UFT (tegafur/uracil) has been shown to prolong survival of Japanese patients with completely resected, p-stage I (T1> 2 cm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This trial, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 0707, aimed at estimating the efficacy of S-1 (tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil) compared to UFT as adjuvant therapy in this population.

      Method

      Eligible patients had received complete resection with lymph node dissection for p-stage I (T1-2N0M0, T1> 2 cm, by 5thEdition UICC TNM) NSCLC, within 56 days of enrollment. Patients were randomized to receive: oral UFT 250mg/m2/day for 2 years (Arm A), or oral S-1 80mg/m2/day for 2 weeks and 1 week rest, for 1 year (Arm B). The initial primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Based upon the monitoring in Jun. 2013, which showed the combined OS of the 2 arms better than expected (4-year OS of 91.6% vs. presumed 5-year OS of 70-76.5%), it was judged to be underpowered. The study protocol was amended so that the primary endpoint is relapse-free survival (RFS). With the calculated sample size of 960, this study would detect the superiority of Arm B over Arm A with power 80% and one-sided type I error of 0.05, assuming the 5-year RFS of 75% in Arm A and the hazard ratio of 0.75.

      Result

      From Nov. 2008 to Dec. 2013, 963 patients were enrolled (Arm A : 482, Arm B : 481): median age 66 (range: 33 to 80), male 58%, adenocarcinoma 80%, p-T1/T2 46%/54%. Only 2 received pneumonectomy. >Grade 3 toxicities (hematologic/nonhematologic) were observed in 15.9 (1.5/14.7) % in Arm A, and in 14.9 (3.6/12.1) % in Arm B, respectively. 60.0% of the patients in Arm A and 54.7% of them in Arm B completed the protocol treatment (p=0.10). There were 4 cases of deaths during protocol treatment, probably of cardio-vascular origin, with 1 in Arm A and 3 in Arm B. At the data cut-off of Dec. 2018, the hazard ratio (HR, Arm B vs. Arm A) of RFS was 1.06 (95% confidence interval (C.I.): 0.82-1.36), showing no superiority of S-1 over UFT. The HR of OS was 1.10 (95% C.I.: 0.81-1.50). The 5-year RFS/OS rates were 79.4%/88.8% in Arm A and 79.5%/89.7% in Arm B, respectively. Pre-specified subset analyses for gender, age, smoking, stage, tumor side, lymph node dissection area, pleural invasion and histology revealed no remarkable results; S-1 arm was not superior to UFT arm in each analysis. Of the 77 and 85 OS events for Arm A/Arm B, 45 each (58%/53%, respectively) were due to the NSCLC. During the follow-up period, secondary malignancy was observed in 85 (17.8%) and 84 (17.8%) in Arm A and Arm B, respectively.

      Conclusion

      Post-operative adjuvant therapy with oral S-1 was not superior to that with UFT in stage I (T>2 cm) NSCLC after complete resection. UFT remains standard in this population. Future investigation should incorporate identification of high-risk population for recurrence, since survival of each arm was so good with substantial number of OS events due to other causes of deaths in this trial.

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    MA21 - Non EGFR/MET Targeted Therapies (ID 153)

    • Event: WCLC 2019
    • Type: Mini Oral Session
    • Track: Targeted Therapy
    • Presentations: 1
    • Now Available
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      MA21.03 - The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Global Survey on Molecular Testing in Lung Cancer (Now Available) (ID 1198)

      14:30 - 16:00  |  Author(s): Masahiro Tsuboi

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background

      Evidence-based standards for molecular testing of lung cancer have been established, but the global frequency and practice of testing are not well understood. The IASLC conducted an international survey to evaluate current practice and barriers to molecular testing.

      Method

      Distributed to IASLC members and other healthcare professionals, content included: 7-question introduction, 32 questions for those requesting tests/treating patients, 45 questions on performing/interpreting assays, and 24 questions on tissue acquisition. All respondents were asked to provide 3-5 barriers to implementing/offering molecular testing.

      Respondents’ countries were grouped by geography or developing/developed using IASLC and World Bank criteria. Surveys were available in 7 languages. Regional comparisons used the Chi-squared test or ANOVA; free-text was analyzed with Nvivo.

      Result

      We obtained 2,537 responses from 102 countries. Respondents were 45% Medical Oncologists, 12% Pulmonologists, 12% Thoracic Surgeons, 9% Pathologists, and 22% scientists or other. 56% of responses were from developing countries, 44% developed. Regions included: 52% Asia, 19% Europe, 11% Latin America, 11% US/Canada, 7% Other.

      1683 (66%) chose the requesting/treating track (50% government, 42% academic, 8% other). 61% reported most patients in their country do not receive molecular testing, with the lowest rates in Latin America/Other (p<0.0001). 39% were not satisfied with the conditions of molecular testing in their country. Indications for requesting testing included: adenocarcinoma (89%), never-smoker (61%), female (57%), and young (54%) (variable by region, p<0.0001). 99% ordered EGFR, 95% ALK, 84% PDL1, 79% ROS1, all other tests <50%. 56% typically received results within 10 days. Only 67% were aware of CAP/IASLC/AMP guidelines, least frequently in Asia/Other (p=0.041). 37% have trouble understanding molecular testing result reports, most of whom cited a need for more technical and scientific knowledge. 75% had multidisciplinary tumor boards, but 23% met <1/month.

      The 316 (12%) testing track respondents were from laboratories that were 49% academic, 35% government, and 16% private/other. 94% of laboratories offered EGFR, 83% ALK, 69% KRAS, 68% BRAF, 64% ROS1, 56% HER2, and others <50%; 68% tested for PDL1. 57% offered Multiplex assays, less frequently in Latin America/Asia (p=0.0294). 69% tested blood-derived DNA, less frequently in US/Canada/Other (0.0013). 23% of respondents reported >10% of cases are rejected due to inadequate samples; however, 47% stated there is no policy or strategy to improve the quality of the tissue samples in their country. 52% reported patients/physicians are not satisfied with the state of molecular testing in their country. Respondents performing/interpreting assays (334, 14%) were typically informed of biopsy results (91%), and notified when the sample was inadequate (84%).

      The most frequent barrier to molecular testing in every region was cost, followed by quality/standards, turnaround-time, access, and awareness. After cost, time was the most common barrier in developed countries, while it was quality in developing countries. The second largest barrier was quality in Asia, access in Europe/Latin America/Other, and turn-around time in US/Canada.

      Conclusion

      These preliminary analyses show molecular testing usage varies across the globe. Barriers vary by region, and one-third of respondents were unaware of evidence-based guidelines. Global and regional strategies should be developed to address barriers.

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    P1.09 - Pathology (ID 173)

    • Event: WCLC 2019
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track: Pathology
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/08/2019, 09:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P1.09-15 - Hybrid Organoid Reveals That Podoplanin-Positive Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Enhance Proliferation of Lung Cancer Cell (ID 1027)

      09:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Masahiro Tsuboi

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      Podoplanin-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in tumor progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of podoplanin (+) CAFs on the proliferation of cancer cells using a three-dimensional (3D) organoid model.

      Method

      We examined the success rate of organoid culture containing PC-9 cancer cells and CAFs. Thereafter, we compared the proliferating index (MIB-1 index) of PC-9 cells co-cultured with podoplanin-overexpressing CAFs and control CAFs using organoid specimens. Furthermore, we compared the MIB-1 labeling index of cancer cells in podoplanin (+) CAFs cases (n = 13) and podoplanin (-) CAFs cases (n = 14) using surgically resected adenocarcinoma specimens.

      Result

      Without CAFs, PC-9 cells did not form any organoid (success rate: 0%). When PC-9 cells were mixed with CAFs (1:10), the mixed cells generated round and steric aggregates (hybrid cancer organoids, success rate: 100%). In three independent experiments, the MIB-1 index of PC-9 cells in hybrid cancer organoids containing podoplanin-overexpressing CAFs was significantly higher than that of PC-9 cells in organoids containing control CAFs (Exp. 1: 40.4% vs. 24.4%; Exp. 2: 40.0% vs. 24.5%; Exp. 3: 40.3% vs. 25.2%; p < 0.001). Surgically resected human tumors revealed that the MIB-1 index of adenocarcinoma cells was significantly higher in the case of podoplanin (+) CAFs than in the case of podoplanin (-) CAFs (34.8% vs. 16.2%; p < 0.01).

      Conclusion

      Our data suggested that the hybrid cancer organoid model might reflect the growth-promoting effect of podoplanin (+) CAFs in cancer cells, and this new system can be a useful tool for evaluating the tumor microenvironment.

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    P1.13 - Staging (ID 181)

    • Event: WCLC 2019
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track: Staging
    • Presentations: 1
    • Now Available
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/08/2019, 09:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P1.13-04 - Impact of the Presence and Proportion of GGO on Survival and Pathological Characteristics in Clinical Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma (Now Available) (ID 1676)

      09:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Masahiro Tsuboi

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      The aim of this study was to investigate a prognostic and clinicopathological impact of ground-glass opacity (GGO) on existing clinical T classification.

      Method

      We analyzed 1228 patients with lung adenocarcinoma classified as clinical stage I who underwent complete resection by lobectomy or pneumonectomy from 2003 to 2013. We divided patients into four groups based on the presence and proportion of GGO by using consolidation-to-tumor ratio (CTR), calculated with the maximum solid component diameter divided by the maximum tumor diameter including GGO area on thin-slice computed tomography; A, CTR ≤0.5; B, 0.5< CTR ≤0.75; C, 0.75< CTR ≤1.0 including GGO; D, GGO negative (pure solid). We compared them on overall survival, pathological findings and histological subtypes in each clinical stage of IA1 to IB.

      Result

      In all clinical stage, we found no significant differences among group A-C on prognosis and pathological findings. The prognosis of each group of A-C was significantly more favorable than that of group D in clinical stage IA2 and IA3. With respect to the pathological findings, group D had significantly larger positive number of N/ly/v in stage IA2 and that of N/pl/v/STAS in stage IA3 than each group of A-C. Group D had significantly less proportion of lepidic component and consisted with more percentile of solid component than each group of A-C in clinical stage IA2-IB.

      Conclusion

      Not proportion but presence of GGO had great impact on prognosis and pathological characteristics. The presence of GGO might as well be included in the next T classification.

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    P1.18 - Treatment of Locoregional Disease - NSCLC (ID 190)

    • Event: WCLC 2019
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track: Treatment of Locoregional Disease - NSCLC
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/08/2019, 09:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P1.18-04 - Neoadjuvant Ceritinib for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with ALK Rearrangement: SAKULA Trial (ID 876)

      09:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Masahiro Tsuboi

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      Ceritinib is a highly selective ALK inhibitor that has been shown potent antitumor activity against ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We conducted a multicenter single-arm phase II study to assess the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant therapy with ceritinib followed by surgery in patients with ALK-positive resectable locally advanced (LA) NSCLC.

      Method

      Three cycles of ceritinib were administered as induction therapy. The drug was administered orally at the dose 750 mg once daily for 28 days per cycle. The primary endpoint was the major pathological response rate (mpRR). This study required 19 patients, with mpRR of 15% considered non-promising and 45% promising (one-side alpha = 0.025; beta = 0.2). Biomarker analyses using pre- and post-ceritinib through next-generation sequencing (NGS) of plasma and tissue is also planned. (Trial Identifier, UMIN000017906).

      Result

      A total of 395 patients with LA-NSCLC were screened from March 2015 to March 2018 and 15 patients (4%) were identified as ALK-positive. Only 7 patients were enrolled because of slow accrual. The median age of the patients was 50 years and 71% (n=5) were male. All patients had stage IIIA disease and adenocarcinoma. 6 out of 7 patients completed three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy with ceritinib as planned, 71% (n=5) of patients required dose adjustment. One patient was withdrawn from the study because of hepatitis. The objective clinical response rate was 100%. Surgical resection was performed in 6 patients, and complete (R0) resection was achieved in 5 patients. Among the 7 evaluable patients, the mpRR was 57% (95% CI, 18 to 90); 4 patients achieved mpR and 2 patients achieved pathologic complete response. With a median follow-up of 10 (range 8-33) months, 1 patient died of disease progression and 6 patients remain alive, including 4 patients who are recurrence-free. The most common toxicities were gastrointestinal toxicities.

      Conclusion

      Our results showed that neoadjuvant ceritinib is safe and effective, with a high rate of pathologic response, in patients with ALK-positive resectable LA-NSCLC, although the limitation of the data interpretation due to small sample size.

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    P2.01 - Advanced NSCLC (ID 159)

    • Event: WCLC 2019
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track: Advanced NSCLC
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/09/2019, 10:15 - 18:15, Exhibit Hall
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      P2.01-28 - The Predictive Factor for Prolonged Air Leakage Over 48 Hours Using Log Data of Digital Drainage System (ID 2375)

      10:15 - 18:15  |  Author(s): Masahiro Tsuboi

      • Abstract

      Background

      Air leakage is one of the most common complications after pulmonary resection and many risk factors of air leakage have been reported in the past. However, there are few studies about the objective predictive factors. Digital drainage system (DDS) has enabled us to measure the flow of air leakage after pulmonary resection objectively and quantitatively. We aimed to elucidate the predictive factors of prolonged air leakage (PAL: continuing air leakage over 48 hours) after surgery using the log data of DDS.

      Method

      The presence of air leakage was defined as being 20ml/min or more and/or spike in the flow on DDS. Chest tubes were removed at the time of continuing for 8 hours at less than 20ml/min and pleural effusion of less than 300ml/day. The 593 patients underwent pulmonary resection and monitored by DDS postoperatively from May 2016 to January 2018. The 92 patients had air leakage at the time of transferring to intensive care unit or recovery room (postoperative air leakage: POAL). The log data of these 89 patients were analyzed retrospectively and We examined their characteristics using univariate and multivariate manners in logistic regression analysis.

      Result

      The median age at the time of pulmonary resection in these 89 patients (72 men and 17 women) was 72 years (range, 40 to 86 years). The 75 patients (84%) had smoking history. The 17 patients (19%) had diabetes mellitus. The 49 patients (55%) had emphysema. Surgical procedures were a lobectomy in 71 patients, a segmentectomy in 4 patients, and a wedge resection in 14 patients. Fibrin glue was used during surgery in 45 patients (51%). The mean flow of POAL was 70.4 ml/min (range, 20.2-1267.9). The mean duration of air leakage was 60 hours (range, 9-257). In univariate analysis, diabetes mellitus (DM, p=0.0284, OR; 3.450), use of fibrin glue (p=0.0452, OR; 0.411), and POAL (p=0.0101) were statistically significant. In the final multivariate model, DM (p=0.0441) and flow of POAL (p=0.0228) were independently associated with PAL. In ROC curve, considering less than 20% false positive rate, the optimal cutoff in patients with DM was 100ml/min (sensitivity; 67%, specificity; 82%). The optimal cutoff in patients without DM was 150ml/min (sensitivity; 53%, specificity; 84%).

      Conclusion

      The POAL flow of 150ml/min or more in patients without DM and that of 100 ml/min or more in patients with DM will be likely to develop PAL with high probability. Pleurodesis may be considered earlier for this population.