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Anifat A. Elegbede



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    MA14 - Survivorship, Socioeconomic and End-of-Life Considerations (ID 915)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
    • Track: Treatment in the Real World - Support, Survivorship, Systems Research
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 10:30 - 12:00, Room 205 BD
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      MA14.11 - Factors Associated with Early Mortality in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Following Systemic Anti-Cancer Treatment (ID 12970)

      11:40 - 11:45  |  Author(s): Anifat A. Elegbede

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background

      To determine a 30-day mortality rate benchmark and assess factors associated with early mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients following receipt of systemic anti-cancer therapies (SACT).

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      In a 10-year population-based analysis, NSCLC patients receiving SACT in 2005-2014, with or without other treatments, and captured in the Glans-Look Lung Cancer Database, which contains demographic, clinical, pathological, treatment and outcome data were reviewed. 30-day mortality after most recent SACT cycle was calculated, and end-of life (EOL) regimen changes in the last 14 days of life were identified. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify demographic, tumor or treatment-related factors that correlated with mortality risk.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      1044 eligible NSCLC patients receiving at least one cycle of SACT in 2005-2014 were identified. 51% were female, 62% adenocarcinoma, 79% current/former smokers, 83% advanced stage at diagnosis, and 77% receiving palliative-intent treatment. 233 (22.3%) deaths occurred ≤ 30 days following SACT receipt, and 32 (13.7%) EOL regimen changes identified. Risk of early mortality decreased for never-smokers and those receiving SACT between 2010-2014, and increased in association with male gender, advanced disease at diagnosis, palliative-intent treatment, and use of EGFR-targeting agents. No factors were associated with a decreased risk of EOL regimen change. (Table 1). The predominant SACT-modality among those experiencing 30-day mortality was EGFR-targeting agents (54%).
      abstract #12790 table.jpg

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Our findings from a real-world population identify several factors which affect the risk of early mortality in NSCLC patients following SACT, and establish a 30-day mortality benchmark for Canadian NSCLC populations. Evolving SACT modalities may facilitate an increased use of SACT at EOL and associated early mortality; however, in this cohort, decreased early mortality risk in the 2010-2014 timeframe suggests concomitant evolution of decisions regarding EOL SACT and/or palliative and EOL care may be underway at our centre, but represents an area for ongoing investigation.

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    P1.12 - Small Cell Lung Cancer/NET (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 944)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 2
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P1.12-10 - Patterns of Curative Chemo-Radiotherapy Regimen and Impacts on the Outcome of Limited Stage SCLC in a Canadian Institution: 2010 – 2015 Diagnoses (ID 13367)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Presenting Author(s): Anifat A. Elegbede

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      Curative intent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (ChemoRT) is the widely recommended treatment for limited stage (LS) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) follow by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in those who responded to the initial therapy. LS-SCLC is however characterized by high relapse rate with only about 20% surviving to 2 years. Our objective is to examine the characteristics, treatment patterns and overall survival of LS-SCLC for patients diagnosed within a 5-year period at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Canada, prior to wide adoption of emerging treatment options including surgery and immunotherapy in the curative and palliative settings respectively.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      Using the Glans-Look Lung Research (GLR) database, we defined the clinical and demographic features of patients diagnosed with LS-SCLC from 2010 to 2015, determined the rate of systemic treatment uptake, and investigated the impact of PCI, curative intent, and palliative treatments on overall survival. We summarized our findings with descriptive statistics (including Fisher’s Exact test) and Kaplan Meier survival curves using SPSS. Statistical significance was set at p value < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      About a third (107/349, 31%) of patients diagnosed with SCLC from 2010 to 2015 were LS-SCLC, with median age of 67 years. Over the 5-year period, systemic treatments uptake rates and patterns fluctuates. Overall, > 50% received ChemoRT and 65% of the ChemoRT group also received PCI. Curative concurrent RT dose 45 – 55Gy, 25 fractions schedule was more common (55%). Few stage T1a-2a, N0-1 LS-SCLC had surgery (5%). Thirty eight percent of those who received initial curative intent treatments further received some palliative treatments for disease recurrence or progression {8% (2/26) initial Surgery ± Adjuvant & 92% (24/26) ChemoRT}. The median overall survival for the cohort was 24 months (p < 0.001). There were more than 50% survival at 60 months for patients treated with curative 15 fractions concurrent ChemoRT (p < 0.001).

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Most patients received ChemoRT while a few had surgery. Concurrent 15 fractions ChemoRT may offer better survival benefits than the 25 fraction schedule. The impact of PCI on LS-SCLC and other survival outcomes will be presented.

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      P1.12-11 - 2010 – 2015 Extensive Stage SCLC Diagnoses in a Canadian Institution: Baseline Characteristics That Impact on the Overall Survival (ID 13430)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Presenting Author(s): Anifat A. Elegbede

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents only about 13 – 15% of lung cancers but has posed significant challenges due to minimal progress in therapeutics development prior to the recent advent of immunotherapy. Our objective is to establish baseline characteristics and overall survival of Extensive SCLC (ES-SCLC) based on the current conventional therapy for patients diagnosed within a 5 year period at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Canada. This information will be crucial in assessing the effectiveness of novel anti-immune checkpoint treatment strategies.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      Using the Glans-Look Lung Research (GLR) database, we defined the clinical and demographic features of patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC from 2010 to 2015, determined the rate of systemic treatment uptake, and investigated the impact of prophylactic cranial irradiation and palliative treatments on overall survival. We summarized our findings with descriptive statistics (including Fisher’s Exact test) and Kaplan Meier curves using the SPSS. Statistical significance was set at p value < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      Among the 2010 to 2015 SCLC diagnoses, 68% (242/349) were ES-SCLC with median age of 68 years. Close to 90% received some form of palliative treatment. Chemotherapy (CT) was a major component of palliative treatments {89% overall, (190/214): 41% CT only, 22% CT & thoracic radiotherapy (RT) and 38% CT & RT-Other sites}. About a third (32%) of patients who received 1st line CT also had a 2nd line (range between 1 – 4 lines). Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) uptake rates were 38% and 11% for CT only and CT & RT respectively. The median overall survival for ES-SCLC within the cohort was 7 months (p < 0.001).

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      In contrast to advanced stage non-small cell lung cancers, there was high rate of sytemic treatment uptake for ES-SCLC. Overall however, < 20% (41/242) followed through with PCI. Other outcome findings will be presented and discussed.

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    P2.01 - Advanced NSCLC (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 950)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 3
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P2.01-05 - Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: The Woman’s Cancer? (ID 14356)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Anifat A. Elegbede

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      We previously observed a significant interaction between sex and age-standardized incidence rates of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients showing higher rates of Adenocarcinoma (ADC) in women, from the systematic review of published studies within the last 20 years. Our analysis showed disparities across gender over time, and the main effect of gender on incidence rates is significant (p= 0.01). This study aimed to replicate observed sex-related disparities in published records using a 15-year retrospective analysis of a local large-scale database of NSCLC patients diagnosed in Southern Alberta, Canada.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      We extracted data from the Glans-Look Lung Cancer Database, a comprehensive clinical and demographic database of all lung cancer patients diagnosed in southern Alberta from 1999-2015. We assessed the impacts of gender on NSCLC risks and mortality. Clinical data e.g. smoking history, histology and NSCLC stage were collected and analyzed using chi-square test, and smoking history and tumor stage were stratified for the analysis. The Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to compare gender-based post diagnosis survival and disease progression. Statistical significance was 95% confidence level (p < 0.05).

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      Among 7738 lung cancer patients, 95.6% (3743/7738) were NSCLC: 52% male and 48% female. Significant gender-based differences were observed in histology (p=0.00). SCC and ADC were the most frequent histology in both genders. However, ADC was commoner in women (49% vs 41%), while SCC was commoner in men (27% vs 17%). Relative changes of ADC rate over 15 years have increased significantly among women compared to men (58% vs 32%, P<0.02). The risk of developing NSCLC was greatly elevated with cigarette consumption in both genders; however, ADC in never smokers was higher in women (18%) compared to men (8%). Among ADC, smoking history and gender both showed a significant effect on survival, where mOS for never-smokers females exceeded that of never-smokers males [20 months vs 14 months, 95%CI, P=0.00]. The same trend was also seen in smokers [13 months vs 7 months, 95%CI, P=0.021]. In addition, the OS among male ADC cases was significantly lower than women of all tumor stages (P=0.00), but these disparities were insignificant across genders with SCC (P=0.46).

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Similar to what we observed in our systematic review, gender influences the clinical course of NSCLC regardless of smoking history or stage in Southern Alberta. Identifying the cause of the increase in ADC rate over 15 years in women and higher prevalence of NSCLC in never smoking women warrants aggressive research strategies.

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      P2.01-13 - Number, Rather Than Location of Metastases, Dictates Outcome in Stage IV, M1b, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer   (ID 12799)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Anifat A. Elegbede

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      To assess the impact of location versus number of extra-pulmonary metastatic sites (EPMS) on survival in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      A large scale, multi-year retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with a new diagnosis of stage IV, M1b (AJCC 7th edition) NSCLC between 1999-2013. Demographic, clinical, histopathological, treatment and outcome data was extracted from the Canadian institutional Glans-Look Lung Cancer Database. We assessed the impact of location and number of EPMS and identified correlates of overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      A total of 2,065 NSCLC patients with EPMS were identified. Median age was 67 (IQR 58-75) years, 52% were male, and 78% reported a history of smoking. 60% had one EPMS, and 40% had two or more EPMS. Among those with only one EMPS, most frequent organ involvement included bone (40%), brain (32%), liver (13%) and adrenal (10%). Median overall survival (mOS) was worst in those with liver metastasis and best in those with adrenal metastasis (2.0 vs. 5.2 months, p=0.015). However, outcomes based on organ site involvement did not retain prognostic significance in multivariable analysis after controlling for other measured confounders. Compared to patients with one EPMS, individuals with ≥ 2 EPMS experienced worse outcomes (mOS 3.9 vs 2.9 months, p<0.001), and were associated with worse prognosis in Cox regression analysis (HR 1.5, 95%CI 1.3-1.7, p<0.001). A statistically and clinically significant inverse relationship persisted between increasing number of EMPS sites and mOS. Those patients who received systemic anti-cancer therapy or surgical resection of metastatic disease (received by 25% and 3% of total cohort respectively) demonstrated the most improved mOS, regardless of number or location of EMPS (10.0 vs 2.0 months, p<0.001, and 9.0 vs 3.0 months, p<0.001, respectively).

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      We conclude that number, rather than location of EPMS is a prognostic factor in patients with stage IV M1b NSCLC. A simple count of metastatic sites at diagnosis may be of clinical value in in the management and advanced care planning for patients with metastatic NSCLC. Of note, this could assist in identification of patients who would benefit from either more aggressive treatment or best supportive care, and may be an important consideration in future clinical trial design. Overall, this study reinforces the need to advance efforts to determine and mitigate the factors predisposing patients to develop metastatic disease, and develop initiatives to reduce the number of patients presenting with advanced disease.

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      P2.01-28 - Gender and Systemic Treatment Patterns: Impacts on the Overall Survival of Stage IV NSCLC 2010 – 2014 Diagnoses (ID 13368)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Presenting Author(s): Anifat A. Elegbede

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      Our previous work reports only ~25% systemic treatment uptake in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and proposed the availability of more tolerable regimen as one way of improving survival for NSCLC patients. The current study followed-up with the systemic treatment trend in stage IV NSCLC patients from 2010 to 2014, the era where effective and tolerable targeted agents such as EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and ALK inhibitors are available, to determine changes in clinical and treatment patterns impacting NSCLC survival over time.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      Using the Glans-Look Lung Research (GLR) database, we defined the clinical features of stage IV NSCLC patients from 2010 to 2014, determined the impact of systemic treatment patterns and uptake rates on overall survival (OS).The findings were summarized with descriptive statistics (Fisher’s Exact tests) and Kaplan Meier survival curves using SPSS. Statistical significance was set at p value < 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      Among the 470 patients diagnosed between the year 2010 – 2011, and 724 in 2012 – 2014, 26% and 33% received 1st line systemic treatment respectively. Overall, there was increased use of EGFR and ALK targets (18% in 2010 – 2011 versus 34% in 2012 – 2014 of all 1st line therapy) and a 13% decrease in platinum-based doublet (PBD) uptake over the years, (p = 0.001). This pattern of change was similar for patients ≤70 years versus >70 (p < 0.001). However, for female patients, PBD use remain constant despite the increased targeted agents uptake, (p = 0.001). The median OS was slightly better for female in the subsequent years, 7 (95% CI: 6 – 8) versus 4 (95% CI: 3 – 5) months, p = 0.036. In EGFR/ALK mutation positive patients who received 1st line TKIs, a non-statistically significant lower OS was observed in 2012 – 2014 compared to the previous years (p = 0.188). No significant difference in the OS between the year groups for patients with no actionable mutation treated with 1st line PBD (p = 0.393).

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      In stage IV NSCLC, systemic treatment uptakes slightly increased with targeted agents, however this may not add up to overall survival benefits for the disease. Targeted agents may confer more benefits to female patients. Outcome results from multivariate analysis will be presented and discussed.

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    P3.13 - Targeted Therapy (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 979)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 2
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/26/2018, 12:00 - 13:30, Exhibit Hall
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      P3.13-10 - Factors Associated with Long-Term Survival of Stage IV NSCLC Patients on First-Line EGFR-Targeting Therapy (ID 12981)

      12:00 - 13:30  |  Author(s): Anifat A. Elegbede

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      To determine factors associated with long term survival in Stage IV, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving EGFR-targeting agents (EGFR-TA) as systemic anti-cancer treatment in the first-line setting at a Canadian tertiary cancer centre.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      Retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with Stage IV (AJCC 7th edition) NSCLC between 1999 and 2014, and receiving EGFR-TA as first-line treatment. Demographic, clinical, histopathological, treatment and outcome data was extracted from the large, population-based institutional Glans-Look Lung Cancer Database. Long-term survivors (LTS) were defined as those surviving ≥ 18 months post EGFR-TA initiation. Correlates of survival were investigated via univariate analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis using the log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      We identified 117 eligible patients. Median age was 65 (IQR 54.5-74) years, 61% female, 91% adenocarcinoma, 60% never smoking history, and 80% were identified as EGFR-mutant (remainder were untested and accessed EGFR-TA before routine testing was performed). Most common ethnicity (by place of birth) was North American (47%), followed by Asian (37%). 21% survived ≥ 18 months post-EGFR-TA initiation, with a median overall survival (mOS) of 46 vs. 13 months in those surviving < 18 months post-EGFR-TA initiation (p <0.001).

      LTS were more likely to be over the age of 65 years at diagnosis (76% vs. 46%, p=0.012), receive palliative radiation therapy (72% vs. 27%, p<0.001), and possess Asian ethnicity (60% vs. 30%, p=0.044), although impact of age and radiation therapy did not retain prognostic significance in multivariate analysis after controlling for other measured confounders; Asian ethnicity was retained as a favorable prognostic factor for survival [HR: 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.8, p=0.005)]. Patients with Asian ethnicity revealed no significant demographic or clinical characteristics (notably gender, smoking status and EGFR mutation type) between LTS and non-LTS, with the exception of age. Asian LTS were significantly more likely to be ≥ 65 years of age at diagnosis (87% vs. 32%, p<0.001), a factor which retained significance as a favorable prognostic factor in multivariate analysis [HR: 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7), p=0.004)].

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Analysis of this population-based cohort identifies Asian ethnicity, and within this ethnic group, older age at diagnosis, as favorable prognostic factors for patients with Stage IV, NSCLC accessing EGFR-TA in the first-line setting. These findings help identify patients who derive the most benefit from EGFR-TA, and suggest that older, Asian patients represent a unique sub-population within metastatic NSCLC, who may possess different biological underpinnings of NSCLC, outside of a propensity to harbor EGFR mutations.

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      P3.13-28 - Heterogeneity, Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of PDL1 Expression in Early Resected NSCLC (ID 14335)

      12:00 - 13:30  |  Author(s): Anifat A. Elegbede

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      The interaction between the programmed death protein-1 receptor (PD1) and its membrane-bound ligand (PDL1) is one mechanism by which tumor cells evade the immune system. Cancer immunotherapies target this interaction by blocking the function of either protein, allowing for T-cell activation and destruction of the tumor. Because PDL1 expression in tumor is used to identify patients who might benefit from immune-modulating treatment, its detection plays a key role in clinical recommendations. Our objectives are to assess the prevalence of PDL1 expression in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, determine its association with clinical outcomes using the Glans-Look Research (GLR) database (Calgary, AB), and validate these findings using a cohort from the Manitoba Tumor Bank (MBTB).

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      A tissue microarray (TMA) was built using pre-treatment resected and biopsy tissue samples from 459 GLR database patients with early stage NSCLC, diagnosed between 2003 and 2010. Cell lines expressing varying levels of PDL1 were generated, embedded into HistoGel™ and co-mounted onto the GLR and MBTB arrays. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was performed using anti-PDL1 E1L3N (Cell Signaling Technology), and PDL1 expression was evaluated as percent-positive and intensity scores in the cytoplasmic compartment of tumor and stromal cells using HALO™ automated image analysis software. Cell line PDL1 intensity scores served as on-slide reference standards to normalize PDL1 expression in patient specimens using R Programming software. PDL1-percent-positive tumor scores were generated to assess the cut-points of ≥50%(“PDL1-strong”), ≥1%-to-49%(“PDL1-weak”), and <1%(“PDL1-negative”), indicated by the FDA-approved companion diagnostic anti-PDL1 22C3 (Dako) for pembrolizumab. Clinicopathological outcomes were analyzed, and overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      Preliminary analyses indicate PDL1-weak/negative GLR patients with adenocarcinoma experienced higher median OS (3.50yrs) compared to PDL1-strong patients (1.91yrs) (p=0.0043). This trend was not significant over all histologies, or when using mean scores. The opposite trend was found with the MBTB cohort (2.52yrs vs. 1.76yrs OS, PDL1-strong vs. PDL1-weak/negative maximum scores, p=0.0410).

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Variations across datasets illustrate the difficulty in harmonizing PDL1 testing. Heterogeneity of protein expression, TMA sampling error, and differences between study cohorts can translate into variable correlations between PDL1-positivity and survival estimates. Increased survivorship in GLR adenocarcinoma patients with PDL1-weak/negative staining could challenge the notion of using PDL1 as a prognostic biomarker. Comparisons between the E1L3N and 22C3 anti-PDL1 assays will be performed, E1L3N percent-positive cut-points will be refined according to the lowest intensity-based statistical p-value, and further outcome findings will be presented and discussed.

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