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Alice T. Shaw



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    MA08 - Clinical Trials in Brain Metastases (ID 906)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
    • Track: Advanced NSCLC
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 15:15 - 16:45, Room 203 BD
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      MA08.05 - Brain Penetration of Lorlatinib and Cumulative Incidence Rates for CNS and Non CNS Progression from a Phase 1/2 Study (ID 12760)

      15:45 - 15:50  |  Author(s): Alice T. Shaw

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background

      The potent, selective, third-generation ALK/ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) lorlatinib was designed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In a phase 1/2 study, lorlatinib showed robust clinical activity in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most of whom had CNS metastases and failed ≥1 ALK TKI. In preclinical studies, lorlatinib demonstrated high BBB permeability with rapid brain uptake in vivo and significant activity against ALK-positive intracranial tumor models.1,2 To assess brain penetration of lorlatinib in a clinical setting, we report exploratory analyses from a phase 1/2 study (NCT01970865), evaluating CSF-to-plasma concentration ratios from a small sample of patients and cumulative incidence rates (CIRs) of CNS progression, non-CNS progression and deaths for pretreated patients with ALK-positive NSCLC ± baseline CNS metastases.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      Across the ongoing phase 1/2 study, 5 patients at lorlatinib 100 mg QD starting dose underwent CSF sampling. Patients with ALK-positive NSCLC with ≥1 prior ALK TKI were analysed for progressive disease, categorized as either CNS or non-CNS progression, based on independent central review. CIRs for patients in expansion cohorts EXP2–5 from the phase 2 portion of the phase 1/2 study (N=198) were calculated using competing risks methodology.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      In patients (n=5), mean CSF-to-plasma concentration ratio was 0.73 (SD 0.14). The table shows CIRs at 6 and 12 months.

      Months Cumulative Incidence Probability
      Patients with ≥1 prior ALK TKIa CNS Progression

      Non-CNS

      Progression

      Death
      All patients (n=198)

      6 mos

      12 mos

      0.13

      0.18

      0.25

      0.37

      0.05

      NE
      Patients with baseline CNS metastases (n=131)

      6 mos

      12 mos

      0.14

      0.22

      0.21

      0.31

      NE

      NE
      Patients with no baseline CNS metastases (n=67)

      6 mos

      12 mos

      NE

      NE

      0.32

      0.49

      0.05

      NE

      aPatients in expansion cohorts EXP2–5 from the phase 2 study

      NE, not evaluable
      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Lorlatinib showed high BBB permeability as evidenced by a high mean CSF-to-plasma concentration ratio, in line with preclinical rat studies showing CNS penetration. This translated into high activity against CNS metastases as suggested by the numerically higher probability of the first progression event being extracranial rather than intracranial, including in patients with a history of CNS metastases.

      References

      1. Collier, et al. Mol Imaging 2017;16:1–3.

      2. Zou, et al. Cancer Cell 2015;28:70–81.

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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    MA16 - Novel Mechanisms for Molecular Profiling (ID 917)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
    • Track: Advanced NSCLC
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 13:30 - 15:00, Room 203 BD
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      MA16.08 - Clinical Utility of Detecting ROS1 Genetic Alterations in Plasma (ID 13522)

      14:25 - 14:30  |  Author(s): Alice T. Shaw

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background

      ROS1-rearranged lung cancer harbors an oncogenic fusion protein created by the juxtaposition of the ROS1 gene to various fusion partners. Due to the lack of a conserved breakpoint and inclusion of intronic segments, ROS1 rearrangements can be challenging to identify with DNA-based sequencing approaches. The feasibility and clinical utility of detecting ROS1 fusions in circulating tumor DNA is not well established.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      The Guardant360 de-identified database was queried to identify lung cancer cases with plasma ROS1 fusions and describe the molecular features of the ROS1-rearranged cohort. In addition, we performed longitudinal analysis of plasma specimens from four patients at our institution who were treated with next-generation ROS1 inhibitors after progressing on crizotinib.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      From review of 24,009 plasma specimens from lung cancer patients, we identified 56 patients with ROS1 fusions. CD74 was the most common of 7 identified fusion partners [n=35 (62%) CD74, n=7 (12.5%) SDC4, n=7 (12.5%) EZR, n=3 (5%) TPM3, n=2 (4%) TFG, and n=1 (2%) each of CCDC6 and SLC34A2]. ROS1 fusions commonly co-occurred with TP53 mutations (n=36, 64%) and genes involved in cell-cycle regulation (n=11, 20%) or the WNT/ß-catenin pathway (n=16, 29%). In 4 (80%) of 5 cases where plasma genotyping occurred at crizotinib progression, we identified a putative resistance mechanism, including a ROS1 resistance mutation in 3 patients (n=2 G2032R & n=1 L2026M) and a BRAF V600E mutation in 1 patient. We analyzed longitudinal plasma specimens from 4 patients with crizotinib-resistant lung cancer who were subsequently treated with a next-generation ROS1 inhibitor (n=3 lorlatinib, n=1 entrectinib). One patient treated with lorlatinib had a pretreatment ROS1 G2032R mutation (in plasma and tissue); plasma analysis revealed stability of the G2032R allelic fraction in the setting of primary progression of pleural disease. Of the 2 patients without pretreatment ROS1 mutations who received lorlatinib, one developed a ROS1 G2032R mutation after initial response to treatment. The second patient experienced primary progression and plasma genotyping revealed low level FGFR1 copy number gain (3.3 copies); pre-crizotinib plasma was not available for comparison. One patient had a plasma PIK3CA E545K mutation at the time of crizotinib progression, and did not respond to next-line entrectinib.

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Next-generation sequencing can be used to detect ROS1 fusions and resistance mutations in plasma. Longitudinal plasma analysis may provide insight into the activity of investigational drugs against ROS1 mutations that mediate resistance to crizotinib.

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    OA02 - Novel Therapies in ROS1, HER2 and EGFR (ID 893)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Oral Abstract Session
    • Track: Targeted Therapy
    • Presentations: 2
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 10:30 - 12:00, Room 105
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      OA02.02 - Safety and Preliminary Clinical Activity of Ropotrectinib (TPX-0005), a ROS1/TRK/ALK Inhibitor, in Advanced ROS1 Fusion-Positive NSCLC (ID 14217)

      10:40 - 10:50  |  Author(s): Alice T. Shaw

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background

      Ropotrectinib is a potent ROS1/TRK/ALK inhibitor with a >90-fold greater ROS1 potency than crizotinib. Preclinical studies demonstrate robust activity against all known ROS1 resistance mutations, including solvent-front mutation G2032R.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      In this Phase 1 study (NCT03093116), TKI-naïve and TKI-refractory (≥1 TKI) pts with advanced ALK/ROS1/TRK+ solid tumors received ropotrectinib. Asymptomatic brain metastases were allowed. Primary objectives were to determine MTD and RP2D, with safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor efficacy as the secondary objectives. This is a safety analysis of all pts and subgroup efficacy analysis of the ROS1+ NSCLC pts on the study.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      As of 16-April-2018, 72 pts have been treated at 6 dose levels from 40mg QD to 200mg BID. Most AEs were grade 1-2. Common (>10%) treatment-related AEs included dizziness (49%), dysgeusia (46%), paresthesias (29%), constipation (19%), fatigue (18%), nausea (11%), and anemia (11%). 4 DLTs were observed at ≥240mg/day: 1 grade 3 (Gr3) dyspnea/hypoxia, 2 Gr3 & 1 Gr2 dizziness. 31 of 72 pts had ROS1+ NSCLC by local testing (FISH, n=20; NGS, n=11) with 1 pt determined as ROS1-negative by central NGS. Antitumor activity in ROS1+ NSCLC has been observed at ROS1 dose levels 40mg QD-160mg BID per investigator assessment, with the best ORR 70% for TKI-naïve and 11% for TKI-refractory pts (17% for 1 prior TKI crizotinib, n=12) (Table). Two crizotinib-resistant pts with G2032R achieved durable cPR and cSD, respectively. Ongoing blinded independent review identified 7 evaluable pts with target CNS lesions at baseline; the intracranial best ORR was 43% (3 cPR, 1 PR*). Updated efficacy data and ctDNA biomarker analyses will be presented.

      Dose Level

      TKI Naïve (n = 10)

      TKI Refractory (n = 20)

      n

      Best Overall Response

      n

      Best Overall Response

      40 mg QD (n = 6)

      2

      2 cPR (ORR 100%)

      4

      2 cSD, 1 SD, 1 PD

      80 mg QD (n = 5)

      2

      2 cPR (ORR 100%)

      3

      1 cSD, 2 SD

      160 mg QD (n = 10)

      4

      2 cPR, 2 cSD (ORR 50%)

      6

      2 cPR, 2 cSD, 1 SD, 1 PD (ORR 33%)

      240 mg QD (n = 2)

      1

      1 cPR (ORR 100%)

      1

      1 SD

      160 mg BID (n = 7)

      1

      1 PR*

      6

      1 PR*, 1 SD*, 1 cSD, 2 SD, 1 NE

      Total (n = 30)

      10

      7 cPR, 1 PR*, 2 cSD

      20

      2 cPR, 1 PR*, 6 cSD, 1 SD*, 7 SD, 2 PD, 1 NE

      Best ORR

      70%

      11%

      Median follow-up

      8 months with 90% still on treatment

      4 months with 50% still on treatment

      cPR: confirmed partial response; SD: stable disease for 2 cycles; cSD: SD for at least 4 cycles; PR* or SD*: waiting for subsequent time point scan; PD: progressive disease; NE: inevaluable; ORR: objective response rate

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Ropotrectinib is well tolerated and demonstrates promising activity in pts with advanced ROS1+ NSCLC, including TKI-naïve and TKI-refractory pts. RP2D has not yet been achieved. These Phase 1 data warrant further clinical testing of ropotrectinib in ROS1+ NSCLC.

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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      OA02.03 - Clinical Activity of Lorlatinib in Patients with ROS1+ Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Phase 2 Study Cohort EXP-6 (ID 12787)

      10:50 - 11:00  |  Author(s): Alice T. Shaw

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background

      Among patients with ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most achieve initial benefit from crizotinib treatment but often develop resistance, and further treatment options are limited. Lorlatinib is a potent, brain-penetrant third-generation ALK/ROS1 TKI with broad mutational coverage. It has shown compelling clinical activity in patients with ALK-positive and ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC, most of whom had CNS metastases and had received prior crizotinib.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      This ongoing Phase 2 study (NCT01970865) enrolled patients with ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC ± asymptomatic CNS metastases without restriction on the type or number of prior lines of therapy (cohort EXP-6). Patients received lorlatinib 100 mg QD. Primary endpoints were overall and intracranial response by independent central review. Secondary endpoints included duration of response and progression-free survival. Safety was assessed in all treated patients (cohorts EXP-1–6); molecular profiling is ongoing.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      As of the data cut-off (02 Feb 2018), 47 patients with ROS1+ NSCLC were treated; 25 had baseline CNS metastases; 34 had received prior crizotinib and 13 were crizotinib-naïve. Treatment with lorlatinib led to rapid and durable responses in both crizotinib-naïve and crizotinib-pre-exposed patients (Table).

      ICR-assessed endpoint Crizotinib-naïve Crizotinib-pre-exposed Total EXP-6
      Overall, N 13 34 47
      ORR, % (95% CI) 61.5 (31.6, 86.1) 26.5 (12.9, 44.4) 36.2 (22.7, 51.5)
      Confirmed response, n 8 9 17

      Response lasting at least 12 months, n

      5 5 10
      Median time to tumor response, months (range) 1.4 (1.3–8.3) 2.5 (1.4–4.2) 1.4 (1.3–8.3)
      Intracranial (IC), N 6 19 25
      IC ORR, % (95% CI) 66.7 (22.3, 95.7) 52.6 (28.9, 75.6) 56.0 (34.9, 75.6)
      Confirmed IC response, n 4 10 14

      IC response lasting at least 12 months, n

      1 4 5
      Median PFS, months (95% CI)a 21.0 (4.2, 26.7) 8.5 (4.4, 18.0) 9.9 (5.5, 21.0)

      ICR, independent central review; PFS, progression-free survival.

      aPer Kaplan-Meier method.

      The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) in EXP-6, were hypercholesterolemia (83%) and hypertriglyceridemia (60%). In EXP-6, 36% and 23% of patients had TRAEs leading to dose interruptions and dose reductions, respectively. No permanent treatment discontinuations due to TRAEs or treatment-related deaths occurred.

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Lorlatinib showed clinically meaningful benefit in patients with ROS1-positive NSCLC, including those who had received prior crizotinib or were crizotinib-naive, as demonstrated by rapid and durable responses. These findings further suggest that the activity of lorlatinib differs depending on prior exposure to crizotinib. The safety profile of lorlatinib in ROS1 patients was comparable to that previously reported in the overall ALK/ROS1 population.

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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    P1.13 - Targeted Therapy (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 945)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P1.13-06 - First-Line Lorlatinib Versus Crizotinib for Advanced Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive (ALK<sup>+</sup>) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (ID 12773)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Presenting Author(s): Alice T. Shaw

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      Lorlatinib and crizotinib are oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors with activity against ALK and ROS1 fusion proteins. Crizotinib is well tolerated and has superior efficacy compared to chemotherapy for treatment of patients with advanced ALK+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to crizotinib can develop, and the central nervous system (CNS) is often a site of disease relapse. Second-generation ALK inhibitors, ceritinib and alectinib, have demonstrated activity in crizotinib-naive or resistant treatment settings, and alectinib has been shown to have superior progression-free survival (PFS) compared to crizotinib as first-line therapy. Lorlatinib is a selective, CNS-penetrant ALK inhibitor that has potent activity against ALK and kinase domain resistance mutations, including the difficult-to-treat G1202R mutation.Lorlatinib has shown clinical activity in patients previously treated with crizotinib and other ALK inhibitors, including patients with progressive CNS metastases. This study aims to determine if lorlatinib is superior to crizotinib in prolonging PFS in treatment-naïve patients and to identify candidate biomarkers predictive of clinical efficacy or treatment resistance.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      Trial Design

      This global, multicenter, open-label phase 3 study will enroll ~280 treatment-naïve patients. Eligible patients must be aged ≥18 years, have Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2 and ≥1 measurable extracranial target lesion not previously treated with radiotherapy. Patients with asymptomatic brain metastases are eligible. Patients will be randomized (1:1) to lorlatinib 100 mg once daily or crizotinib 250 mg twice daily and stratified by presence of brain metastases (yes/no) and ethnicity (Asian/non-Asian). Treatment will continue until disease progression, patient refusal, or unacceptable toxicity. Crossover between treatment arms will not be permitted. The primary endpoint is PFS based on blinded independent central review (BICR) using RECIST v1.1. Secondary endpoints include PFS based on investigator assessment, overall survival, objective response (OR) by BICR and investigator assessment; intracranial (IC) OR (periodic magnetic resonance imaging will be performed for central nervous system evaluation), IC time to progression, duration of response and time to response all by BICR; tumor tissue and peripheral blood circulating free DNA biomarker assessment, adverse events and patient-reported health-related outcomes as assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 EORTC (QLQ-C30) and EORTC Lung Cancer Module (QLQ-LC13), and the 5-level EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). The first patient was screened on April 14, 2017. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03052608.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      Section not applicable

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Section not applicable

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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    SH03 - Highlight of the Previous Day Sessions (ID 885)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Highlight of the Day Session
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/26/2018, 07:00 - 08:00, Room 107
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      SH03.02 - Targeted (ID 14785)

      07:12 - 07:24  |  Presenting Author(s): Alice T. Shaw

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Abstract not provided

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