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  O24 - Cancer Control and Epidemiology III (ID 134)

  • Event: WCLC 2013
  • Type: Oral Abstract Session
  • Track: Prevention & Epidemiology
  • Presentations: 1
  • Moderators:N. Van Zandwijk, P. Yang
  • Coordinates: 10/29/2013, 16:15 - 17:45, Bayside 103, Level 1

  • 12299

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    O24.01 - Lung cancer risk attributable to occupation: in a case control study in black South Africans 2001-2008 (ID 3421)

    16:15 - 17:45  |  Author(s): C. Nattey
    • Abstract
    • Presentation
    • Slides

    Background
    Worldwide, lung cancer is the leading cause of death by cancer and most common cancer among occupational related cancers. Approximately 90% of men and 60% of women. developing lung cancer are smokers. Cancer Morbidity and the increase in cancer mortality in South Africa is well documented and has been attributed to different factors, including tobacco consumption, occupational exposures, infections, changing lifestyles, ageing population and environmental pollution The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has estimated that almost 40 000 deaths from cancer (58 000 cases) occur annually in South Africa. In men the leading causes of deaths were lung cancer (comprising 16% of all cancer deaths). Environmental and occupational risk factors contribute to the burden of lung cancer, but the extent of this contribution is still unclear in most settings especially in Africa, confirmed in a review by McCormack and Schuz Estimating the attributable fraction for specific risk factors helps to assess the potential impact the preventive interventions could have on the population. The proposed study will estimate lung cancer risk attributable to the different occupations and types of workplaces in black South African population represented in the data base while controlling for smoking and domestic fuel use. Identification of the role of occupation on the risk of lung cancer may enhance the ability to prevent the disease by permitting better focused occupational health and other preventive strategies in the fight against non-communicable diseases in black South Africans. There is very limited research on cancers and occupations in Africa; hence findings will contribute to the knowledge of lung cancer in relation to occupations in South Africa.

    Methods
    Data from the on-going Johannesburg Cancer Case-Control Study (JCCCS) of black African adult cancer patients (2001-2008) was used. Information from 579 lung cancer cases and 1120 frequency matched controls was analysed. Controls were randomly selected from cancers not known to be associated with the effects of tobacco, matched by sex and age (±5years). Usual occupation and/or workplace stated at interview were used as an indicator of occupational exposure. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression and attributable fraction (AF) by Miettinen’s formula, adjusted for smoking pack years, HIV status and domestic fuel type use.

    Results
    The mean age of cases and controls was 56.0 and 57.1 respectively. Among men the adjusted OR for lung cancer was 3.0 (95% CI 1.4-6.4) in miners and 1.7 (95% CI 1.3-3.2) in those working in transport occupations. In women working as domestic worker (maids, child minders etc) the adjusted OR was 7.3 (95% CI 1.7-11.3) whereas working in the food & beverage industry, the adjusted OR was 4.9 (95% CI 1.4-26.8). Occupation / workplace resulted in an AF of 14% in men and 26% in women.

    Conclusion
    Occupational risk factors for lung cancer in South Africa are gender-specific, having more impact in women than in men. Further studies are needed to assess possible specific exposures in the mining and transport industries for men, and food industry and private homes for women.

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