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Xinghao Ai



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    JCSE01 - Perspectives for Lung Cancer Early Detection (ID 779)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Joint IASLC/CSCO/CAALC Session
    • Track: Screening and Early Detection
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/23/2018, 07:30 - 11:15, Room 202 BD
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      JCSE01.10 - A Ph3 Study of Niraparib as Maintenance Therapy in 1L Platinum Responsive Extensive Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (ID 11679)

      10:25 - 10:35  |  Author(s): Xinghao Ai

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background
      Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancer, characterized by early dissemination and rapid development of chemo-resistant disease after platinum response (60-80%). Less than 2% of extensive disease SCLC (ED-SCLC) patients survive 5 years. The bi-allelic loss or inactivation of TP53 and RB1 is common in SCLC, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a critical DNA damage repair enzyme, is highly expressed in SCLC, and SCLC is sensitive to platinum based chemotherapy, suggesting that the defect in DNA damage repair pathways plays an important role in SCLC. ZL2306/ Niraparib is a highly selective PARP-1/2 inhibitor which was exclusively licensed for development in China by Zai Laboratory from TESARO. In SCLC PDX model, niraparib demonstrated anti-tumor activities as monotherapy. In addition, niraparib demonstrated promising tumor growth inhibition in maintenance post platinum treatment in platinum sensitive SCLC PDX models. Clinically, in phase III NOVA study, niraparib demonstrated clear clinical benefit as maintenance treatment by significantly extending progression free survival in all platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer patients regardless gBRCA or HRD status which led to the approval by FDA and EMA in ovarian cancer. It is suggested that niraparib maintenance therapy could provide potential clinical benefit in platinum responsive SCLC. ZL-2306-005 is a randomized double-blind multi-center phase 3 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of niraparib versus placebo as maintenance therapy in ED-SCLC patients who have had responses to platinum based chemotherapy.Approximately 590 Chinese patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed ED-SCLC who have achieved either complete response or partial response to their platinum based chemotherapy to their newly diagnosed disease will be randomized (2:1) to 2 groups, receiving either ZL-2306 or placebo in ZL-2306-005 study. Patients need to complete 4 cycles of etoposide + cisplatin/ carboplatin. All patients will be stratified by gender, LDH level and history of prophylactic cranial irradiation. ZL-2306 will be started with 300mg PO QD for patients with a baseline body weight ≥77 kg and a baseline platelet count ≥150,000/μL, or 200 mg PO QD for patients with a baseline body weight <77 kg or a baseline platelet count <150,000/μL based on RADAR analysis in NOVA study. Patients will remain on treatment until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The co-primary endpoints are PFS assessed by independent central radiologic review and OS; the secondary endpoints are PFS assessed by investigator, CFI, QoL, safety and tolerability.

      Section not applicable

      Section not applicable

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419

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    MA16 - Novel Mechanisms for Molecular Profiling (ID 917)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Mini Oral Abstract Session
    • Track: Advanced NSCLC
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 13:30 - 15:00, Room 203 BD
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      MA16.06 - EGFR Clonality and Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) by Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Sequencing in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (ID 13146)

      14:05 - 14:10  |  Presenting Author(s): Xinghao Ai

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background

      TKI has significantly improved survival time of NSCLC pts with sensitive mutation. However, pts present different outcome while receiving TKI treatment. We conduct a prospective multicenter clinical trial to determine whether clonality of sensitive mutation is related to the efficacy of TKI. We also evaluate the consistency of TMB between tissue and blood in this cohort.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      Paired tumor and plasma samples at diagnosis were obtained from systemic treatment naïve pts with advanced NSCLC. DNA was sequenced by target-capture deep sequencing of 1021 previously annotated genes related to solid tumors. Clonal EGFR mutation was defined if EGFR mutation was in the cluster with the highest mean variated allele frequency with PyClone, and otherwise subclonal EGFR mutation. TMB of tissue (tTMB) and blood (bTMB) analysis interrogated single nucleotide variants, small insertion and deletion, with VAF ≥3 % and ≥0.5 %, respectively. TMB-high pts were identified with ≥9 mut/MB (upper quartile of data from geneplus).

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      During February 2017 to April 2018, 127 advanced NSCLC pts were enrolled from 9 centers. A total of 653 somatic variations were detected in tissues. Mutations occurred most frequently in EGFR (57 %), TP53 (54 %), KRAS (9 %), ALK (8 %). In matched plasma, 405 (62 %) tumor-derived mutations were detected by pan-caner panel sequencing. A total of 90 EGFR mutations were detected in 73 pts, most of which occurred in tyrosine kinase domain (L858R, 41%; Ex19del, 33%). Most EGFR mutation were clonal in tissue and plasma, with a consistence of 83 % in paired samples. In addition, bTMB was significantly correlated to tTMB (Pearson r= 0.85, p-value= 1.8e-30), with a consistence of 89 %. Interestingly, high TMB was observed in a small fraction of patients (8 %) with driver mutations, such as mutations in EGFR, ALK fusion, ERBB2 and PIK3CA.

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Deep sequencing with the pan-cancer panel can effectively detect mutations and evaluate TMB in both tissue and blood with high consistence. EGFR mutations can be clonal or subclonal in both tissue and blood. Prospective multicenter study is ongoing to determine the EGFR clonality as a predictive factor for the TKI efficacy in NSCLC (TRACELib-NSCLC, NCT03059641).

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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    P1.01 - Advanced NSCLC (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 933)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 2
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P1.01-105 - Lung Cancer Patients with Concurrent EGFR and MET Mutations: A Retrospective Analysis of 29 Cases (ID 12864)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Xinghao Ai

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      It has been reported that about 5%-20% of EGFR-TKIs resistant NSCLC patients harbors MET amplification or activating mutations. However, the extent that MET abnormal activation contributes to EGFR-TKIs resistance remains widely unknown. Here, we describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of 29 lung cancer patients harboring concurrent EGFR and MET mutations.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      Genetic mutations were reviewed in 6000 lung cancer patients who underwent genetic testing at our institute from 2016 to 2018. Mutation profiles were analyzed using hybridization capture based next-generation sequencing (NGS), which enables the simultaneous detection of single-nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and copy-number alterations of at least 59 genes (range 59 – 1021 genes).

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      The selected patients included 24 lung adenocarcinoma patients, 1 squamous cell lung cancer patient and 3 lung cancer patients with unspecified pathology. Both MET amplification and activating mutations were included for analysis. MET amplification was detected in 90% (27/30) of samples, while activating mutations was present in 13.3% (4/30) of samples, including H1112Y, D1228N, D1246Y and D1246H. 14% (4/29) of patients had not received EGFR-TKIs treatment before genetic testing, which were considered as primary resistance. 79% (23/29) of patients were treated with EGFR-TKIs. Surprisingly, 60% (18/30) of cases had other functional mutations which may also affect the effectiveness of EGFR-TKIs, such as EGFR T790M mutation (3 cases), rare EGFR mutations (I744M, R108K and C769S, 3 cases), EGFR amplification (7 cases), CDK4 amplification (2 cases), loss-of-function mutations of CDKN2A (2 cases) and so on. One patient had two samples tested. He was resistant to gefitinib and osimertinib, and EGFR L858R mutation and MET amplification were detected in the first sample. Later, he was treated with combined gefitinib and crizotinib and reached PR at the 2nd month. However, his disease finally progressed probably due to an additional MET mutation (D1246Y) that caused resistance to crizotinib.

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      MET amplification and activating mutations may lead to primary and acquired resistance of EGFR-TKIs. Moreover, additional potentially resistant mechanisms were detected in most cases. Therefore, it is apparently requisite to provide a comprehensive genetic testing to lung cancer patients.

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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      P1.01-56 - Concurrent Mutations in Chinese Lung Cancer Patients Carrying HER2 Genomic Aberrations (ID 13756)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Xinghao Ai

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2) genomic aberration has been identified as therapeutic targets, clinical trials of HER2-directed therapies have disappointing results in lung cancer. We hypothesize that the concurrent alterations might be one of the reasons, thus the aim of this study was to describe frequent concurrent alterations in Chinese lung cancer patients harboring HER2 mutations.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      A total of 147 cancer patients with HER2 mutations were enrolled in the study. Tumor biopsy, ctDNA and pleural effusion samples were collected for detection alterations using hybridization capture based next-generation sequencing (NGS), which enables the simultaneous detection of single-nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and copy-number alterations of at least 59 genes (59-1021).

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      Sixty-two of 147 patients with HER2 genomic aberrations were diagnosed as lung cancer. The HER2 gene was amplified in 11 (18%) patients, whereas HER2 mutations were detected in 48 patients, co-occurrence of HER2 amplification and mutations were in 3 patients. Thirty of the 62 patients (48.39%) had concurrent actionable mutations across 18 genes, which involved in RTK-PIK3CA-mTOR signaling pathways, cell-cycle pathway, DNA repair pathway, RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway and some others (details in table). Moreover, 7 patients had more than 2 concurrent mutations besides HER2 mutation/amplification.

      Table 1. concurrent genetic alterations in HER2-altered lung cancer patients

      Signaling pathway

      Concurrent

      actionable

      mutations

      Number of

      patients

      RTK-PIK3CA-mTOR

      EGFR 11
      PIK3CA 4
      STK11 2
      FBXW7 1
      TSC1 1
      FLCN 1
      C11orf30 1
      Cell-cycle CDKN2A 5
      CCND1 2
      RB1 1
      DNA repair BRCA2 1
      ATM 1
      RAS-RAF-MAPK BRAF 1
      KRAS 1
      Others MDM2 2
      JAK2 2
      SMARCA4 2
      PTCH1 1

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Concurrent of actionable genetic alterations in HER2-altered Chinese lung cancer patients was common. The complex molecular profiles elucidate the importance of comprehensive analysis of genetic mutations when considering anti-HER2 targeted therapy.

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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    P1.12 - Small Cell Lung Cancer/NET (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 944)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P1.12-04 - A Ph3 Study of Niraparib as Maintenance Therapy in 1L Platinum Responsive Extensive Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (ID 12119)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Xinghao Ai

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancer, characterized by early dissemination and rapid development of chemo-resistant disease after platinum response (60-80%). Less than 2% of extensive disease SCLC (ED-SCLC) patients survive 5 years. The bi-allelic loss or inactivation of TP53 and RB1 is common in SCLC, the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a critical DNA damage repair enzyme, is highly expressed in SCLC, and SCLC is sensitive to platinum based chemotherapy, suggesting that the defect in DNA damage repair pathways plays an important role in SCLC. ZL2306/ Niraparib is a highly selective PARP-1/2 inhibitor which was exclusively licensed for development in China by Zai Laboratory from TESARO. In SCLC PDX model, niraparib demonstrated anti-tumor activities as monotherapy. In addition, niraparib demonstrated promising tumor growth inhibition in maintenance post platinum treatment in platinum sensitive SCLC PDX models. Clinically, in phase III NOVA study, niraparib demonstrated clear clinical benefit as maintenance treatment by significantly extending progression free survival in all platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer patients regardless gBRCA or HRD status which led to the approval by FDA and EMA in ovarian cancer. It is suggested that niraparib maintenance therapy could provide potential clinical benefit in platinum responsive SCLC. ZL-2306-005 is a randomized double-blind multi-center phase 3 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of niraparib versus placebo as maintenance therapy in ED-SCLC patients who have had responses to platinum based chemotherapy.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      Approximately 590 Chinese patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed ED-SCLC who have achieved either complete response or partial response to their platinum based chemotherapy to their newly diagnosed disease will be randomized (2:1) to 2 groups, receiving either ZL-2306 or placebo in ZL-2306-005 study. Patients need to complete 4 cycles of etoposide + cisplatin/ carboplatin. All patients will be stratified by gender, LDH level and history of prophylactic cranial irradiation. ZL-2306 will be started with 300mg PO QD for patients with a baseline body weight ≥77 kg and a baseline platelet count ≥150,000/μL, or 200 mg PO QD for patients with a baseline body weight <77 kg or a baseline platelet count <150,000/μL based on RADAR analysis in NOVA study. Patients will remain on treatment until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The co-primary endpoints are PFS assessed by independent central radiologic review and OS; the secondary endpoints are PFS assessed by investigator, CFI, QoL, safety and tolerability.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      Section not applicable

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Section not applicable

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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    P1.13 - Targeted Therapy (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 945)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 1
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/24/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P1.13-08 - Distribution, Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Resistance Mechanism of ALK Variants in Chinese Lung Cancer Patients. (ID 13678)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Xinghao Ai

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Background

      ALK rearrangements are established targetable drivers in NSCLC. Recent reports indicate differential progression-free survival to ALK inhibitors according to specific EML4-ALK variant.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      A total of 172 unique Chinese lung cancer patients with tumors harboring ALK rearrangements (ALK+) were enrolled in the study from 2016 to 2018. ALK+ were detected by Ventana, FISH, or next-generation sequencing based ER-Seq method, which enables simultaneously assess single-nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and somatic copy-number alterations across at least 59 genes (59-1021). Tissue biopsy was the first choice for NGS mutation profiling, and ctDNA or pleural effusion testing was used as an alternative.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      Of these 172 cases, the median diagnosis age was 50 (range 24-78), 58% were female, 90% was NSCLC. Of the 147 ALK+ cases detected by NGS, we identified 65 (44%) EML4-ALK v1 (E13; A20), 18 (12%) EML4-ALK v2 (E20; A20), 43 (29%) EML4-ALK v3 (E6; A20), 13 (9%) other EML4-ALK, and 8 (5%) non-EML4-ALK rearrangements. 2 new fusion genes were found in non EML4-ALK rearrangements (SRBD1-ALK (EX20; EX20) and CLIP4-ALK (EX9; EX20)), and the CLIP4-ALK patient’s tissue was also ALK positive by Ventana. V1 found a higher proportion of pleural effusion at baseline than non-v1 (12% v.s.5%). Mutation profiling by NGS were performed after disease progression in 55 patients treated with crizotinib. mPFS was 8.1 months, no significant difference existed between v1 and v3 (P=0.69). But the presence of known ALK resistance mechanisms was significantly higher in v3 as compared to non-v3 (67% v.s. 27%, P=0.038).

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Next generation sequencing allows for detection of the specific ALK fusion partner and variants, increases the understanding of the biology of ALK+ NSCLC, and may have value to foretell potential mechanisms of resistance.

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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    P2.01 - Advanced NSCLC (Not CME Accredited Session) (ID 950)

    • Event: WCLC 2018
    • Type: Poster Viewing in the Exhibit Hall
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 2
    • Moderators:
    • Coordinates: 9/25/2018, 16:45 - 18:00, Exhibit Hall
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      P2.01-100 - Different Genetic Mutations Enriched in Circulating Tumor DNA Predict Different Metastatic Sites in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients (ID 13636)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Xinghao Ai

      • Abstract

      Background

      The mutation map of the lung adenocarcinoma is clear. However, differences of genetic mutations related to metastatic sites have not been addressed before and remain to be explored. Identification of mutation signature may help to predict metastasis.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      We reviewed 353 ctDNA samples from lung adenocarcinoma patients with definite metastasis at our institute. Somatic mutation profiles were analyzed using hybridization capture based next-generation sequencing (NGS), which enables the simultaneous detection of single-nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and copy-number alterations of 59 genes.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      All the samples were divided into 2 groups based on the distance of the metastases: 165 samples was in the distal metastasis group including bone or liver metastases; 188 samples was in the proximal group, including lung, pleural or thoracic lymph node metastasis. The gene mutation number of the distal metastasis is higher than the proximal metastasis (4.92 vs 3.85, P=0.031). Gene mutations for each group are shown in the figure below. Similar to the genetic profiling of lung adenocarcinoma in COMIC database, the most frequently mutated genes were EGFR and TP53 in two groups. But the frequency mutation of NTRK1 in proximal metastasis group is three times more than that of the distal metastasis group (11/188, 5.9% vs 3/165,1.8%). And the frequency of ALK mutation in the distal metastasis group is two times more than that of the proximal metastasis group (10/165, 6.1% vs 6/188, 3.2%). Moreover, for the top 9 frequently mutant genes, there was 78% overlap in the two groups. However, the overlap with COSMIC database was 55% for distal metastasis group and 44% for the proximal metastasis.

      Distant metastasis group

      Proximal metastasis group

      COSMIC database

      gene

      Mutation frequency

      gene

      Mutation frequency

      gene

      Mutation frequency

      1

      EGFR

      70.30%

      EGFR

      73.94%

      EGFR

      31%

      2

      TP53

      60.61%

      TP53

      61.17%

      TP53

      31%

      3

      KRAS

      11.52%

      ERBB2

      9.04%

      KRAS

      18%

      4

      RB1

      10.30%

      KRAS

      9.04%

      STK11

      8%

      5

      NF1

      9.70%

      RB1

      7.45%

      CDKN2A

      7%

      6

      ERBB2

      7.88%

      NF1

      7.40%

      SMARCA4

      6%

      7

      APC

      6.67%

      APC

      6.91%

      NF1

      6%

      8

      ALK

      6.06%

      PIK3CA

      6.38%

      ATM

      5%

      9

      ATM

      6.06%

      RET

      5.85%

      KDR

      5%

      10

      PIK3CA

      6.06%

      NTRK1

      5.85%

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      Lung adenocarcinoma patients with ALK mutation are more likely to have distant metastasis. While the patients with NTRK1 mutation are more likely to have proximal metastasis.

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53

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      P2.01-107 - Analysis of Mutation Detection by ctDNA on the Basis of Metastatic Sites in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients (ID 13635)

      16:45 - 18:00  |  Author(s): Xinghao Ai

      • Abstract

      Background

      Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing represents a powerful tool to detect gene alterations in patients. However, differences in mutation detected by ctDNA related to metastatic sites in lung cancer have not been addressed before and remain to be explored.

      a9ded1e5ce5d75814730bb4caaf49419 Method

      We reviewed 317 ctDNA samples from 310 lung adenocarcinoma patients with definite metastasis at our institute. Somatic mutation profiles were analyzed using hybridization capture based next-generation sequencing (NGS), which enables the simultaneous detection of single-nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, rearrangements, and copy-number alterations of 1021 genes.

      4c3880bb027f159e801041b1021e88e8 Result

      Patients were divided into two groups according to metastatic sites. Any case with metastasis to the bone, liver or adrenal gland falls into the major organ metastasis group, while any case with metastasis to the lung, pleura or lymph node belongs to the local metastasis group. No genetic alteration was detected in 14 (11.5%) of 122 samples in the major organ group and 35 (17.9%) of 195 in the local group. And distant metastasis is associated with more mutations on average detected by ctDNA (5.26 for the major organ group vs 3.72 for the local group; p=0.0039). As for genes involved, the most common mutated ones are EGFR and TP53 for both groups, with an overall mutation rate being 40.6% and 33.2% respectively. And just as average gene alterations mentioned above, the mutation rates of EGFR and TP53 are much higher in the major organ group (49.6% vs 35.2% for EGFR; 43.6% vs 26.9% for TP53). Besides, mutations of NF1, MLL3, KRAS and KEAP1 are more frequent in the major organ group while mutation rate of PIK3CA is slightly higher in the local group (Table).

      Table. Some mutated genes detected by ctDNA

      major organ metastasis (117)

      local metastasis (193)

      EGFR

      58 (49.6%)

      68 (35.2%)

      TP53

      51 (43.6%)

      52 (26.9%)

      KRAS

      9 (7.7%)

      7 (3.6%)

      MLL3

      9 (7.7%)

      6 (3.1%)

      NF1

      9 (7.7%)

      3 (1.6%)

      ERBB2

      5 (4.3%)

      6 (3.1%)

      PIK3CA

      3 (2.6%)

      7 (3.6%)

      KEAP1

      7 (6.0%)

      3 (1.6%)

      8eea62084ca7e541d918e823422bd82e Conclusion

      More gene alterations were detected by sequencing of ctDNA in patients of lung adenocarcinoma with major organ metastasis compared to those with only local metastasis.

      6f8b794f3246b0c1e1780bb4d4d5dc53