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N. Rizvi

Moderator of

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    SC14 - Immunotherapy of NSCLC (ID 338)

    • Event: WCLC 2016
    • Type: Science Session
    • Track: Chemotherapy/Targeted Therapy/Immunotherapy
    • Presentations: 5
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      SC14.01 - Immunotherapy in the First-Line Setting of Advanced NSCLC (ID 6653)

      11:00 - 12:30  |  Author(s): R. Herbst

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Abstract:
      Immunotherapy in the First-Line Setting of Advanced NSCLC Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Advances in screening, surgery and treatment have helped to improve the median survival for patients with lung cancer over the past decade, however, the five-year survival rate remains less than 20%. The majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced stage disease, who are treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, followed by targeted, combination, or immunotherapies. Given the response rates seen with the use of immunotherapy in the second-line setting, it was appropriate to begin to explore if these agents could be given to patients earlier in their treatment. Immunotherapies have been found to be better tolerated than chemotherapy and have the potential for long-term survival, thus could benefit patients as first-line therapy, as some patients will never go on to receive second-line treatment. Two agents, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, both monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), are approved for use in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have received prior chemotherapy. The KEYNOTE-024 randomized phase III trial of pembrolizumab vs. standard of care (platinum-based chemotherapy), demonstrated superior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for first-line treatment in patients with tumors expressing high levels of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) (tumor proportion score ≥50%). The CheckMate-026 randomized, phase III study of nivolumab vs. standard of care in treatment-naïve patients with tumors expressing ≥5% PD-L1 did not meet the primary endpoint of PFS. For this presentation, the use of predictive markers in the front-line setting will be discussed and implications for combination therapy will be reviewed.

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      SC14.02 - Immunotherapy in the Second-Line Setting of Advanced NSCLC (ID 6654)

      11:00 - 12:30  |  Author(s): L. Paz-Arez

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Abstract:


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      SC14.03 - Combination Immunotherapy - Basic Considerations and First Outcomes (ID 6655)

      11:00 - 12:30  |  Author(s): D.R. Spigel

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Abstract not provided

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      SC14.04 - The CD47 Macrophage Checkpoint as a New Immunotherapy Target (ID 6656)

      11:00 - 12:30  |  Author(s): B. Sikic, S.K. Padda, S.A. Shah, A..D. Colevas, S. Narayanen, G. Fisher, D. Supan, H. Wakelee, R. Aoki, M.D. Pegram, V.M. Villalobos, J. Liu, C. Takimoto, M.P. Chao, J.P. Volkmer, R. Majeti

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Abstract:
      Background: Hu5F9-G4 is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets CD47, blocking its anti-phagocytic “don’t eat me” signal through macrophage receptor SIRPα, leading to tumor phagocytosis. CD47 is overexpressed on human cancers and also on red blood cells (RBCs). In primate toxicology studies, Hu5F9-G4 caused a transient anemia that was improved with a single lower Priming Dose allowing higher Maintenance Doses. Materials and Methods: Relapsed/refractory solid tumors and lymphomas were included. This dose escalation study included: Part A, to determine the Priming Dose and Part B, to determine the Maintenance Dose. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in part A was used for the single Priming Dose in part B (Hu5F9-G4 dosed weekly). The primary objective is to determine safety and secondary objectives are to determine PK and PD. Preliminary data reported from data cutoff of July 22, 2016.Results: 25 patients have enrolled. Part A included 0.1 (N=1), 0.3 (N=2), 1 (N=6), and 3 (N=2) mg/kg. There were 2 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) in Part A at the 3 mg/kg dose: grade (G) 3 abdominal pain and G3 hemagglutination (H) (protocol-specific scale of G1 H on peripheral blood smear (PBS) and G2 headache). 1 mg/kg was selected as the Priming Dose, with no >G2 anemia. Pharmacodynamic studies show almost 100% RBC receptor occupancy at the Priming Dose. Treatment-related adverse event (TRAE) in Part A included: anemia (3 G1, 3 G2), hyperbilirubinemia (3 G1, 2 G2; unconjugated), headache (6 G1, 1 G2), H on PBS (8 G1), and nausea (3 G1). Part B included 3 (N = 4), 10 (N = 3), and 20 mg/kg (N=6, ongoing). There have been no DLTs in 3 patients on 10 mg/kg, and one DLT (headache with hemagglutination) in 6 patients at the 20 mg/kg maintenance dose (ongoing). Most toxicities were was associated with the initial single Priming Dose and were completely reversible. TRAE in Part B at 3 mg/kg included: anemia (2 G1, 2 G2), hyperbilirubinemia (1 G1, 1 G3), headache (3 G1), H on PBS (1 G1), retinal toxicity (G2 protocol-specific scale, asymptomatic). TRAE at 10 mg/kg included: anemia (3 G1), headache (2 G1), and nausea (1 G1). Two patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma in Part A had stable disease for 16 and 8 months. In Part B, 2 of 3 patients have had prolonged stable disease at 10 mg/kg for 8+ months (follicular thyroid cancer) and 7+ months (myoepithelioma of the head and neck). Evaluation of subjects in the 20 mg/kg cohort is ongoing. Conclusions: Hu5F9-G4 is well tolerated at 10 mg/kg weekly, with 1 mg/kg Priming Dose. Part B with a Maintenance Dose of 20 mg/kg is ongoing. Acknowledgements: Stanford Clinical and Translational Research Unit; California Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Forty Seven, Inc.Trial Registration: NCT02216409References: 1. Willingham SB, et al. The CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa) interaction is a therapeutic target for human solid tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Apr 24;109(17):6662-7. 2. Liu J t al. Pre-Clinical Development of a Humanized Anti-CD47 Antibody with Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Potential. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 21;10(9):e0137345. References 1. Willingham SB, Volkmer JP, Gentles AJ, Sahoo D, Dalerba P, Mitra SS, Wang J, Contreras-Trujillo H, Martin R, Cohen JD, Lovelace P, Scheeren FA, Chao MP, Weiskopf K, Tang C, Volkmer AK, Naik TJ, Storm TA, Mosley AR, Edris B, Schmid SM, Sun CK, Chua MS, Murillo O, Rajendran P, Cha AC, Chin RK, Kim D, Adorno M, Raveh T, Tseng D, Jaiswal S, Enger PØ, Steinberg GK, Li G, So SK, Majeti R, Harsh GR, van de Rijn M, Teng NN, Sunwoo JB, Alizadeh AA, Clarke MF, Weissman IL. The CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa) interaction is a therapeutic target for human solid tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Apr 24;109(17):6662-7. 2. Liu J, Wang L, Zhao F, Tseng S, Narayanan C, Shura L, Willingham S, Howard M, Prohaska S, Volkmer J, Chao M, Weissman IL, Majeti R. Pre-Clinical Development of a Humanized Anti-CD47 Antibody with Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Potential. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 21;10(9):e0137345.Figure: CD47 is a myeloid-specific immune checkpoint. Figure 1Figure 2





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      SC14.05 - Tobacco Use and Immunotherapy (ID 6657)

      11:00 - 12:30  |  Author(s): A. Dingemans

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Abstract not provided

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Author of

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    ISS12 - Immuno–Oncology: A Renaissance in the Treatment of Lung Cancer – MSD Oncology (ID 448)

    • Event: WCLC 2016
    • Type: Industry Supported Symposium
    • Track:
    • Presentations: 1
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      ISS12.02 - Immunotherapy Experience in Lung Cancer (ID 6903)

      12:45 - 14:15  |  Author(s): N. Rizvi

      • Abstract
      • Slides

      Abstract not provided

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    OA03 - Immunotherapy Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced NSCLC (ID 367)

    • Event: WCLC 2016
    • Type: Oral Session
    • Track: Chemotherapy/Targeted Therapy/Immunotherapy
    • Presentations: 2
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      OA03.01 - First-Line Nivolumab Monotherapy and Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Patients with Advanced NSCLC: Long-Term Outcomes from CheckMate 012 (Abstract under Embargo until December 5, 7:00 CET) (ID 5364)

      11:00 - 12:30  |  Author(s): N. Rizvi

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background:
      Nivolumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody, has demonstrated improved efficacy and tolerability vs docetaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC that progressed on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and is approved in >50 countries in this patient population. We report efficacy and safety data from a phase 1 study (CheckMate 012; NCT01454102) evaluating first-line nivolumab in patients with advanced NSCLC.

      Methods:
      Patients (N=52) with advanced, chemotherapy-naive NSCLC (any histology) were treated with nivolumab monotherapy at 3 mg/kg IV Q2W until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Safety and tolerability was the primary study objective. Efficacy, as measured by objective response rate (ORR) and 24-week progression-free survival (PFS) rate per RECIST v1.1, was the secondary objective. Overall survival (OS) was an exploratory endpoint.

      Results:
      Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were reported in 71% (any grade) and 19% (grade 3‒4) of patients. The most frequent select TRAEs (those with potential immunologic causes) by category were skin, endocrine, and gastrointestinal (Table). With a median follow-up of 14.3 months (range, 0.2 to 30.1), the confirmed ORR was 23% (12/52) and 8% (4/52) of patients had complete responses. Of the 12 responses, 8 (67%) were ongoing at the time of database lock; median duration of response was not reached. Median OS was 19.4 months (range, 0.2‒35.8+). The 24-week PFS rate was 41% (95% CI: 27‒54); 18-month OS rate was 57% (95% CI: 42‒70). Updated long-term data will be presented, including 2-year OS and will represent the longest follow-up to date for a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor for first-line advanced NSCLC. Updated data from patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab (N = 77) will also be presented.

      Nivolumab monotherapy (N=52)
      Safety
      Any grade / grade 3‒4 TRAEs,[a] n (%) 37 (71) / 10 (19)
      Any grade / grade 3‒4 select TRAEs,[a,b] by category (≥10% of patients), n (%)
      Skin 13 (25) / 2 (4)
      Endocrine 7 (14) / 0 (0)
      Gastrointestinal 6 (12) / 1 (2)
      Any grade / grade 3‒4 TRAEs leading to discontinuation, n (%) 6 (12) / 6 (12)
      Efficacy
      Confirmed ORR,[c] n (%) [95% CI] 12 (23) [13‒37]
      CR 4 (8)
      PR 8 (15)
      SD 14 (27)
      PD 20 (38)
      Unable to determine[d] 6 (12)
      Median DOR, mo (range) NR (4.2‒25.8+)
      Ongoing responders, n/N (%) 8/12 (67)
      Median PFS, mo (range) 3.6 (<0.1+‒28.0+)
      24-week PFS, % (95% CI) 41 (27‒54)
      Median OS, mo (range) 19.4 (0.2‒35.8+)
      1-year OS, % (95% CI) 73 (59‒83)
      18-month OS, % (95% CI) 57 (42‒70)
      Efficacy and safety analyses, except for OS, were based on a March 2015 database lock; OS analyses were based on an August 2015 database lock.[a]No grade 5 events were reported.[b]AEs with a potential immunologic cause.[c]Includes patients with initial observations of CR and PR that were subsequently confirmed by repeat scans performed no earlier than 4 weeks after the original observation.[d]Includes patients who discontinued therapy because of disease progression before first assessment or patients only with assessments suggestive of, but that did not satisfy, the required minimum duration for SD. CR = complete response; PR = partial response; SD = stable disease; PD = progressive disease; DOR = duration of response; NR = not reached.


      Conclusion:
      First-line nivolumab monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC had a similar safety profile as previously reported in second-line NSCLC and other tumors, was well tolerated, and demonstrated durable efficacy.

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      OA03.02 - Atezolizumab as 1L Therapy for Advanced NSCLC in PD-L1–Selected Patients: Updated ORR, PFS and OS Data from the BIRCH Study (ID 4799)

      11:00 - 12:30  |  Author(s): N. Rizvi

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background:
      Atezolizumab, a humanized anti-PDL1 mAb, inhibits the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway to restore tumor-specific T-cell immunity, resulting in durable anti-tumor effects. BIRCH (NCT02031458) is a single-arm Phase II study of atezolizumab monotherapy in PD-L1–selected advanced NSCLC patients, across multiple therapy lines. Primary analyses (median follow-up, 8.5 months) demonstrated a meaningful ORR with durable response in chemotherapy-naive 1L and 2L+ PD-L1–selected patients. Here we report updated efficacy data in 1L patients.

      Methods:
      1L eligibility criteria included PD-L1–selected, advanced-stage NSCLC with no CNS metastases or prior chemotherapy. PD-L1 was centrally evaluated (VENTANA SP142 IHC assay). Patients expressing PD-L1 on ≥5% of tumor cells (TC) or tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC), ie, TC2/3 or IC2/3, were enrolled. Patients with EGFR mutation or ALK rearrangement must have had prior TKI treatment. Atezolizumab 1200mg was administered IV q3w until radiographic disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was independent review facility(IRF)-assessed ORR. Secondary endpoints included investigator(INV)-assessed ORR, DOR, PFS (RECIST v1.1) and OS.

      Results:
      With a median follow-up of 14.6 months, median OS was not reached in TC3 or IC3 patients and was 20.1 months in TC2/3 or IC2/3 (ITT) patients; INV-assessed ORR was 32% and 24%, respectively (Table). Furthermore, ORR was 31% for mutant EGFR (n=13) vs 20% for wild-type EGFR patients (n=104), and 27% for mutant KRAS (n=33) vs 21% for wild-type KRAS patients (n=67). No new safety signals were observed. Updated efficacy (including IRF ORR), safety and exploratory biomarker analyses will be presented.

      Conclusion:
      With longer follow-up, atezolizumab continued to demonstrate promising efficacy in 1L NSCLC. These results indicate that atezolizumab has durable efficacy in the 1L setting, in EGFR and KRAS mutant and wild-type tumors, and support ongoing Phase III trials evaluating atezolizumab vs chemotherapy in 1L NSCLC.

      Endpoint(95% CI) TC3 or IC3[a](n=65) TC2/3 or IC2/3[b](n=139)
      INV ORR, % 32% (21.2–45.1) 24% (16.9–31.7)
      EGFR mutant/wild-type, % 25%/29% 31%/20%
      KRAS mutant/wild-type, % 38%/27% 27%/21%
      mDOR, mo 13.1 (8.5–NE) 13.1 (9.9–17.5)
      mOS, mo NE (12.0–NE) 20.1 (20.1–NE)
      12-mo OS rate, % 61% (48.8–73.8) 66% (57.9–74.5)
      mPFS, mo 7.3 (4.9–12.0) 7.3 (5.6–9.1)
      12-mo PFS rate, % 36% (23.8–48.8) 32% (24.0–40.7)
      NE, not estimable.[a ]TC ≥50% or IC ≥10% PD-L1–expressing cells.[b ]TC or IC ≥5% PD-L1–expressing cells.

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    OA20 - Immunotherapy and Markers (ID 401)

    • Event: WCLC 2016
    • Type: Oral Session
    • Track: Biology/Pathology
    • Presentations: 1
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      OA20.01 - Tumor Mutation Burden (TMB) is Associated with Improved Efficacy of Atezolizumab in 1L and 2L+ NSCLC Patients (ID 6149)

      11:00 - 12:30  |  Author(s): N. Rizvi

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background:
      In NSCLC, atezolizumab (anti-PDL1) efficacy correlates with PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TC) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC). Here we examined the association between atezolizumab efficacy and TMB assessed by FoundationOne (F1) sequencing panel.

      Methods:
      Pretreatment tumor specimens from 102 1L and 465 2L+ NSCLC patients enrolled on three Ph 2 atezolizumab monotherapy trials (POPLAR: randomized 2/3L trial comparing atezolizumab vs docetaxel; BIRCH/FIR: single-arm, 1L/2L+ PD-L1‒selected trials) were available for targeted genetic sequencing using the F1 panel of 315 cancer-related genes. TMB was quantified using an updated TMB algorithm and efficacy was assessed in groups defined by the 75th (high) and 50th (median) percentile of each study-specific TMB. Atezolizumab efficacy was examined at Dec 1, 2015 (POPLAR and BIRCH); and Jan 7, 2015 (FIR) data cutoffs.

      Results:
      Across samples, median TMB was similar in 1L and 2L+ patients (9/MB and 9.9/MB, respectively). In 1L and 2L+ PD-L1–selected patients, atezolizumab benefit was increased in those with ≥ TMB cut-offs (Table). In unselected 2L+ patients from POPLAR, the OS, PFS, and ORR benefits of atezolizumab vs docetaxel were also enhanced in patients with increased TMB. TMB and PD-L1 expression were independently associated with improved atezolizumab efficacy. TMB associations with PD-L1 expression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte infiltration and T-effector cell gene expression will be presented.

      Conclusion:
      For the first time, we demonstrate that TMB assessed with F1 targeted sequencing is associated with improved atezolizumab outcomes in 1L and 2L+ NSCLC. Moreover, this is the first study demonstrating the association of TMB with improved anti-PD-L1/PD-1 efficacy in a randomized trial. Importantly, the association between TMB and atezolizumab efficacy occurred in both unselected and PD-L1-selected patients. Therefore, in addition to PD-L1, TMB may be an independent predictor of improved responsiveness to atezolizumab in advanced NSCLC.

      Atezolizumab efficacy by TMB subgroups
      PD-L1‒selected
      BIRCH+FIR 1L n=102 2L+n=371
      Median (≥9/MB) High (≥13.5/MB) Median (≥9.9/MB) High (≥17.1/MB)
      OS,HR[a] (95% CI) 0.79 (0.39-1.58) 0.45 (0.17-1.16) 0.87 (0.65-1.16) 0.7 (0.49-1.00)
      PFS,HR[a] (95% CI) 0.58 (0.36-0.94) 0.54 (0.3-0.97) 0.64 (0.5-0.8) 0.5 (0.38-0.67)
      ORR,above/below cutoff 28%/13% 25%/20% 25%/14% 29%/16%
      POPLAR 2L+ unselected n=92
      Biomarker- evaluable population Median (≥9.9/MB) High (≥15.8/MB)
      OS,HR[b ] (95% CI) 0.65 (0.38-1.12) 0.48 (0.23-1.04) 0.5 (0.15-1.67)
      PFS,HR[b] (95% CI) 0.98 (0.63-1.53) 0.49 (0.25-0.93) 0.49 (0.19-1.3)
      ORR,atezolizumab/docetaxel 13%/15% 20%/4% 20%/8%
      [a]HR:efficacy-evaluable patients, atezolizumab at/above cutoff vs below.[b]HR:efficacy-evaluable patients, atezolizumab vs docetaxel at/above cutoff.


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    PL04a - Plenary Session: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced NSCLC (ID 430)

    • Event: WCLC 2016
    • Type: Plenary
    • Track: Chemotherapy/Targeted Therapy/Immunotherapy
    • Presentations: 1
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      PL04a.03 - Durvalumab in ≥3rd-Line Locally Advanced or Metastatic, EGFR/ALK Wild-Type NSCLC: Results from the Phase 2 ATLANTIC Study (Abstract under Embargo until December 7, 7:00 CET) (ID 5336)

      08:45 - 09:40  |  Author(s): N. Rizvi

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Background:
      Treatment with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies has demonstrated meaningful clinical benefit in patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients that progress after 2 lines of chemotherapy have few treatment options and poor outcomes. Durvalumab is an engineered human IgG1 mAb targeting programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1).

      Methods:
      ATLANTIC (NCT02087423) is a Phase 2, open-label, single-arm trial in patients with locally advanced or metastatic Stage IIIB–IV NSCLC (WHO PS 0 or 1; ≥2 prior systemic treatment regimens, including one platinum-based). There was no maximum number of prior treatments. The study initially enrolled all-comers and then was restricted to patients with PD-L1 high tumours (≥25% of tumour cells with membrane staining). The study includes three cohorts; here we report final results in Cohorts 2 and 3 that had EGFR/ALK wild-type or unknown status. Patients enrolled in Cohort 3 had ≥90% of tumour cells with PD-L1 staining. The primary endpoint is ORR (RECIST v1.1), based on independent central review. Secondary endpoints include DCR, DoR, PFS, OS, and safety (CTCAE v4.03).

      Results:
      As of 3 June 2016, in Cohorts 2/3, 265/68 patients (median age 62/61 years, 67/72% PS 1, 21/29% squamous histology; mean of 3.2/2.6 prior therapies) had received durvalumab (10 mg/kg i.v. q2w). Responses were durable; in Cohort 2, patients with PD-L1 ≥25%, the ORR was similar in patients with squamous and non-squamous histology.

      Cohort 2 Cohort 3
      PD-L1 high (≥25%) PD-L1 low/negative (<25%) PD-L1 ≥90%
      n=146 n=93 n=68
      ORR,* %(95%CI) 16.4(10.8-23.5) 7.5(3.1-14.9) 30.9(20.2-43.3)
      DCR, %(95%CI) 28.8(21.6-36.8) 20.4(12.8-30.1) 38.2(26.7-50.8)
      mDoR, months(25[th], 75[th] percentile) 12.3(7.5-NR) NR(7.2-NR) NR; 18/21 responders progression free at DCO
      n=149 n=94 n=67
      mPFS, months(95%CI) 3.3(1.9-3.7) 1.9(1.8-1.9) 2.4(1.8-5.5)
      mOS, months(95%CI) 10.9(8.6-13.6) 9.3(5.9-10.8) NR(5.9-NC)
      1-year OS, %(95%CI) 47.7(39.3-55.5) 34.5(25.0-44.1) 50.8(36.9-63.2)
      mFollow-up for OS, months 9.4 9.3 7.0
      *Confirmed response per independent central review. DCO=data cutoff; DCR=disease control rate (complete response, partial response or stable disease ≥24 weeks); DoR=duration of response; m=median; NC=not calculated; NR=not reached; ORR=objective response rate; OS=overall survival; PFS=progression-free survival
      Most AEs were low grade and resolved with treatment delay and/or immunosuppressive interventions. Overall, 10.2% of patients had Grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs and 2.7% had treatment-related AEs leading to discontinuation.

      Conclusion:
      Durvalumab was active and led to durable responses in a heavily pretreated metastatic NSCLC population; activity was numerically greater for patients whose tumours exceeded the 25% PD-L1 cutoff. The tolerability profile was manageable. Results are consistent with other anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies in metastatic, relapsed NSCLC and support further development of durvalumab.

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    SC22 - Selection and Monitoring of Patients for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ID 346)

    • Event: WCLC 2016
    • Type: Science Session
    • Track: Chemotherapy/Targeted Therapy/Immunotherapy
    • Presentations: 1
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      SC22.02 - How Do I Monitor for Efficacy? (ID 6691)

      16:00 - 17:30  |  Author(s): N. Rizvi

      • Abstract
      • Presentation
      • Slides

      Abstract not provided

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