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J.R. Brahmer
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MINI 03 - PD1 Axis Inhibition and EGFR (ID 101)
- Event: WCLC 2015
- Type: Mini Oral
- Track: Treatment of Advanced Diseases - NSCLC
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:L. Gandhi, Y. Ohe
- Coordinates: 9/07/2015, 16:45 - 18:15, Four Seasons Ballroom F1+F2
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MINI03.04 - Discussant for MINI03.01, MINI03.02, MINI03.03 (ID 3305)
16:45 - 18:15 | Author(s): J.R. Brahmer
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
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MINI 09 - Drug Resistance (ID 107)
- Event: WCLC 2015
- Type: Mini Oral
- Track: Biology, Pathology, and Molecular Testing
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:L. Villaruz, J. Minna
- Coordinates: 9/07/2015, 16:45 - 18:15, 205+207
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MINI09.06 - Oncogenic Drivers including RET and ROS1 plus PTEN Loss and MET by IHC in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinomas: Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium 2.0 (ID 2114)
16:45 - 18:15 | Author(s): J.R. Brahmer
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
The Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC) 1.0 demonstrated multiplexed genomic platforms can assay 10 oncogenic drivers in tumor specimens from patients with lung adenocarcinomas. 28% of the patients with oncogenic drivers could be effectively targeted. The survival of these 275 patients treated with targeted agents was longer than the patients who were not treated with a targeted agent (Kris and Johnson JAMA 2014). The efficiency of Next-Generation Sequencing enables more comprehensive testing of additional aberrations with less tumor tissue. LCMC 2.0 was initiated to test tumor specimens for 12 oncogenic drivers and to provide the results to clinicians for treatment decisions and research purposes.
Methods:
The 16 site LCMC 2.0 is testing tumors from 1000 patients with lung adenocarcinomas in CLIA laboratories for mutations in KRAS, EGFR, HER2, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, and NRAS, MET DNA amplification, and rearrangements in ALK as done in LCMC 1.0. The new genes that were added because of emerging information about potential therapeutic targets include MAP2K1 mutations, RET and ROS1 rearrangements, PTEN (MAb 138G4) loss and MET (MAb SP44) overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All patients were diagnosed with stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinoma after May 2012, had a performance status 0-2, and available tumor tissue.
Results:
Of 1073 patients registered, data is now reported for 759. The median age of the patients is 65 (23-90). The population includes 369 (55%) women; 164 (24%) never smokers, 399 (59%) former smokers, and 73 (11%) current smokers; 26 (4%) Asians, 58 (9%) African American, 548 (81%) Caucasian, and 43 (6%) of other races. As of April 2015 information on genomic and immunohistochemical changes for 675 eligible patients were recorded in our database. Alterations in oncogenic drivers were found in 45% of samples as follows: 159 KRAS (24%), 88 EGFR (13%), 25 ALK (4%), 19 BRAF (3%), 17 PIK3CA (3%), 9 HER2 (1%), 4 NRAS (1%) 0 AKT1, 28 had ≥ 2 findings (4%) and 25 MET DNA amplification (4%). The new genes studied in LCMC 2.0 revealed 1 MAP2K1 mutation (<1%), 19 RET (3%) and 9 ROS (1%) rearrangements, 94 had PTEN loss (14%), and 362 with MET overexpression (54%). As expected, PIK3CA mutations and PTEN loss by IHC were mutually exclusive in 109 of 111 (98%) patients’ tumors. Seventeen of the 23 (74%) with MET DNA amplification studied thus far with IHC had MET overexpression. Next-Generation platforms were used at 13 of 16 LCMC 2.0 sites.
Conclusion:
Next-Generation Sequencing is rapidly becoming routine practice at LCMC 2.0 centers with use going from 0 to 81% of sites since 2012. LCMC 2.0 identified additional targets (RET and ROS1 rearrangements and PTEN loss). PIK3CA and PTEN were largely mutually exclusive and an actionable oncogenic driver has been identified in the 45% of initial lung adenocarcinoma specimens. Supported by Free to Breathe
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MS 21 - Immunotherapy Predictive Biomarkers (ID 39)
- Event: WCLC 2015
- Type: Mini Symposium
- Track: Biology, Pathology, and Molecular Testing
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:K. Fong, P. Dennis
- Coordinates: 9/09/2015, 14:15 - 15:45, Four Seasons Ballroom F1+F2
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MS21.01 - Overview of Immunotherapy (ID 1941)
14:15 - 15:45 | Author(s): J.R. Brahmer
- Abstract
- Presentation
Abstract not provided
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ORAL 02 - PD1 Axis Immunotherapy 2 (ID 87)
- Event: WCLC 2015
- Type: Oral Session
- Track: Treatment of Advanced Diseases - NSCLC
- Presentations: 2
- Moderators:E.B. Garon, H.J. Ross
- Coordinates: 9/07/2015, 10:45 - 12:15, Four Seasons Ballroom F1+F2
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ORAL02.01 - Phase 3, Randomized Trial (CheckMate 017) of Nivolumab (NIVO) vs Docetaxel in Advanced Squamous (SQ) Cell Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (ID 736)
10:45 - 12:15 | Author(s): J.R. Brahmer
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Treatment options for patients with advanced SQ NSCLC who fail platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (PT-DC) are limited. NIVO, a fully human IgG4 programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, demonstrates activity across NSCLC histologies and is approved in the US for treatment of metastatic SQ NSCLC with progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. We report results from a randomized, open-label, global phase 3 study (CheckMate 017; NCT01642004) comparing NIVO vs docetaxel in patients with previously treated SQ NSCLC and disease progression during/after one prior PT-DC regimen.
Methods:
Patients (N=272) were randomized 1:1 to receive either NIVO 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks (Q2W; n=135) or docetaxel 75 mg/m[2] Q3W (n=137) until disease progression or discontinuation due to toxicity or other reasons. For NIVO patients, treatment after initial progression was permitted at the investigator’s discretion, per protocol criteria. The primary objective was overall survival (OS). Secondary objectives included investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR; per RECIST v1.1), progression-free survival (PFS), efficacy by PD-L1 expression (PD-L1 testing not required for enrollment), patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and safety. PRO analyses are presented in a separate abstract.
Results:
Treatment with NIVO led to 41% reduction in risk of death (hazard ratio [HR]=0.59; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.79; P=0.00025) and improved ORR (20% vs 9%; P=0.0083) and PFS (HR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.81; P=0.0004) vs docetaxel (Table). Twenty-eight patients were treated with NIVO beyond initial progression, nine of whom demonstrated a non-conventional pattern of benefit (ie, reduction in target lesions with simultaneous appearance of new lesions, initial progression followed by tumor reduction, or no further progression for ≥2 tumor assessments). Across pre-specified cut-points (1%, 5%, and 10%), PD-L1 expression was neither prognostic nor predictive of benefit. OS HRs favored NIVO across most predefined patient subgroups. Grade 3–4 drug-related adverse events (AEs) were reported in 7% (9/131) of NIVO and 55% (71/129) of docetaxel patients. Grade 3–4 drug-related select AEs are shown below (Table). No deaths were related to NIVO vs 3 docetaxel-related deaths. Figure 1
Conclusion:
CheckMate 017 achieved its primary objective, demonstrating clinically superior and statistically significant OS with NIVO vs docetaxel in patients with advanced, previously treated SQ NSCLC. Benefit was seen regardless of PD-L1 status. The safety profile of NIVO 3 mg/kg Q2W is favorable vs docetaxel and consistent with prior studies. AEs were manageable with established guidelines. NIVO represents a new standard of care in this patient population. Updated OS and safety data will be presented.
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ORAL02.05 - Safety and Efficacy of First-Line Nivolumab (NIVO; Anti-Programmed Death-1 [PD-1]) and Ipilimumab in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (ID 786)
10:45 - 12:15 | Author(s): J.R. Brahmer
- Abstract
- Presentation
Background:
Combined blockade of the PD‐1 and cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) immune checkpoint pathways has shown improved responses, encouraging survival rates, and a manageable safety profile in advanced melanoma. NIVO, a fully human IgG4 PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor antibody, has activity across NSCLC histologies and is approved in the US for treatment of metastatic squamous (SQ) NSCLC with progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. This phase 1 study evaluated the safety and efficacy of first‐line therapy with NIVO plus ipilimumab (IPI), an IgG1 CTLA‐4 checkpoint receptor blocking antibody, in chemotherapy‐naïve patients with advanced NSCLC.
Methods:
Patients (N=49) received NIVO plus IPI at the 1+3 mg/kg or 3+1 mg/kg combination dose, respectively (one SQ and one non‐SQ cohort per dose level), every 3 weeks for 4 cycles, followed by NIVO 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Objective response rate (ORR; RECIST v1.1) was evaluated overall and by baseline tumor PD‐1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression (PD‐L1[+]: ≥5% tumor cells expressing PD‐L1). Response was assessed at weeks 10, 17, and 23, and every 3 months thereafter until progression.
Results:
Median follow‐up for all patients was 50 weeks. Across histologies, confirmed ORR was 13% (3/24) for NIVO1+IPI3 and 20% (5/25) for NIVO3+IPI1. Two of 3 and 4/5 responders in the NIVO1+IPI3 and NIVO3+IPI1 arms, respectively, achieved a response by first scan. Median duration of response was not reached (NR) in either group, and responses were ongoing in 67% (2/3) and 60% (3/5) of patients treated with NIVO1+IPI3 and NIVO3+IPI1, respectively. Two patients in the NIVO3+IPI1 group exhibited an unconventional “immune-related” response with 56% and 64% maximum reductions in target lesions and simultaneous appearance of new lesions. The 24-week progression-free survival (PFS) rates and median PFS were 44% and 16.1 weeks, respectively, for NIVO1+IPI3 and 33% and 14.4 weeks, respectively, for NIVO3+IPI1. One-year overall survival (OS) rates and median OS were 65% and NR, respectively, for NIVO1+IPI3 and 44% and 47.9 weeks, respectively, for NIVO3+IPI1. Thirty-eight of 49 treated patients were evaluable for PD-L1 expression; objective responses were observed in PD‐L1[+] (19%, 3/16) and PD‐L1[-] (14%; 3/22) patients. Across arms, grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were reported in 25 patients (51%); grade 3 pneumonitis was reported in 3 (6%) patients. Treatment‐related AEs led to discontinuation in 18 patients (37%); 15 (31%) patients discontinued treatment during induction. Treatment‐related deaths (n=3) were due to respiratory failure, bronchopulmonary hemorrhage, and toxic epidermal necrosis.
Conclusion:
Treatment with NIVO plus IPI was associated with durable responses and encouraging survival regardless of tumor PD-L1 expression. The safety profile was managed using established safety guidelines. Updated OS and results from additional doses and schedules will be presented.
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P1.01 - Poster Session/ Treatment of Advanced Diseases – NSCLC (ID 206)
- Event: WCLC 2015
- Type: Poster
- Track: Treatment of Advanced Diseases - NSCLC
- Presentations: 1
- Moderators:
- Coordinates: 9/07/2015, 09:30 - 17:00, Exhibit Hall (Hall B+C)
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P1.01-078 - Pembrolizumab vs Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for PD-L1-Strong-Positive NSCLC (ID 2959)
09:30 - 17:00 | Author(s): J.R. Brahmer
- Abstract
Background:
Platinum-doublet chemotherapy with or without maintenance therapy is the standard-of-care first-line therapy for patients with NSCLC that do not harbor EGFR sensitizing mutations or ALK translocations. Most patients experience disease progression despite treatment with chemotherapy, with median overall survival <12 months. Pembrolizumab (MK-3475), a humanized monoclonal antibody against PD-1, has demonstrated a manageable safety profile and robust antitumor activity as first-line therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC enrolled in the phase 1b KEYNOTE-001 study. Improved efficacy was observed in patients whose tumors strongly expressed PD-L1 (ie, showed membranous staining in ≥50% of tumor cells). The international, open-label, phase 3 KEYNOTE-024 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02142738) is designed to assess the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab with those of standard-of-care platinum-doublet chemotherapy in patients with treatment-naive metastatic NSCLC and PD-L1 expression in ≥50% of tumor cells.
Methods:
Patients aged ≥18 years with previously untreated advanced NSCLC without EGFR sensitizing mutations or ALK translocations, membranous PD-L1 expression in ≥50% of tumor cells, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0 or 1, no active autoimmune disease, or history of interstitial lung disease are eligible. PD-L1 expression is determined by immunohistochemistry in newly collected tumor samples at a central laboratory. Patients are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive a 200-mg fixed dose of intravenous pembrolizumab every 3 weeks (Q3W) or investigator’s choice of up to 6 cycles of gemcitabine 1250 mg/m[2] plus cisplatin 75 mg/m[2], gemcitabine 1250 mg/m[2] plus carboplatin AUC 5 or 6, pemetrexed 500 mg/m[2] plus carboplatin AUC 5 or 6, pemetrexed 500 mg/m[2] plus cisplatin 75 mg/m[2], or paclitaxel 200 mg/m[2] plus carboplatin AUC 5 or 6; patients with nonsquamous histology may receive pemetrexed 500 mg/m[2] Q3W maintenance therapy. Randomization is stratified by ECOG PS (0 vs 1), histology (squamous vs nonsquamous), and region (East Asia vs non-East Asia). Pembrolizumab will be given for up to 35 cycles or until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or patient withdrawal. Eligible patients may remain on pembrolizumab therapy after initial radiographic disease progression. Patients who complete 35 cycles of pembrolizumab or who stop treatment after achieving complete response may be eligible for 1 year of pembrolizumab retreatment. Crossover to pembrolizumab is permitted for patients who progress on chemotherapy. Tumor imaging is performed every 9 weeks; response is assessed per RECIST v1.1 by independent central review and by modified RECIST by investigator review. Adverse events will be collected throughout the study and for 30 days (90 days for serious adverse events) thereafter; all toxicities will be graded according to NCI CTCAE v4.0. The primary end point is progression-free survival per RECIST 1.1 by central review; secondary end points are overall response rate per RECIST 1.1, overall survival, and safety. Enrollment is ongoing and will continue until approximately 300 patients are assigned to treatment.
Results:
Not applicable.
Conclusion:
Not applicable.
