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I. Smesseim



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    P1.17 - Poster Session 1 - Bronchoscopy, Endoscopy (ID 182)

    • Event: WCLC 2013
    • Type: Poster Session
    • Track: Pulmonology + Endoscopy/Pulmonary
    • Presentations: 2
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      P1.17-006 - Early Bronchoscopic Interventional Strategy in Highly at Risk Morbid Ageing Cohort (ID 2322)

      09:30 - 16:30  |  Author(s): I. Smesseim

      • Abstract

      Background
      We retrospectively reviewed our longitudinal data (1992 - 2012) with regard to early interventional techniques using advancements of non- and minimally invasive techniques (NiMiT) as alternatives for early intervention in squamous carcinogenesis in highly at risk -including frail elderly individuals. >50% lung cancer develops in >70 years age cohort and cancer and ageing are becoming an important health care issue in our society.

      Methods
      So far, 159 surgically non-resectable candidates with various comorbidities (Previous LC/ENT primaries, COPD, etc.) have been closely monitored using autofluorescence bronchoscopy for suspicious endobronchial lesions (e.g. dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and microinvasive squamous cancer). End points were the development of squamous cancer and its outcome with the use NiMiT (Chest 2001;120:1327; Respiration 2004;71:391

      Results
      Patient characteristics and outcome are shown in the table. Cohort analyses of age ≤70 years versus over, showed a significant longer time of survival in the elderly cohort (35.9 vs 18.5 months; p = 0.01). Lung cancer specific mortality was low ,respectively 15% and 22%. Table: Longitudinal carcinogenesis study in cohorts highly at risk to develop (subsequent) squamous cancer primaries and its outcome.

      Age cohort (years) n patients <70 112 >70 47 p-value
      Gender - Male - Female 93 (83%) 19 (17%) 39 (83%) 8 (17%) NS
      Mean age years (range) 60(42-70) 74(70-83)
      Indication for close surveillance: - Previous LC /ENT cancer - Suspicion occult lung cancer 55 (49%) 57 (51%) 19 (40%) 28 (60%) NS
      Mean pack-years smoked (range) 44(4-120) 49(20-137) NS
      COPD Non-COPD Unknown 72 (64%) 32 (29%) 8 (7%) 29 (62%) 10 (21%) 8 (17%) NS
      Interval to (subsequent) primaries (months) 69(0-198) 54(1-184) NS
      Acquiring (subsequent) squamous ca. Recurrences of previous primaries 41 (37%) 4 (4%) 12 (26%) 2 (4%) NS NS
      Death due to lung cancer Other causes 25 (22%) 31 (28%) 7 (15%) 17 (36%) NS NS
      Survival after curative treatment (months) 19 (0-110) 36 (0-106) 0,01

      Conclusion
      In contrast to the undocumented belief about less aggressive cancer, the need for less aggressive treatment, potential toxicities in the co-morbid elderly and their expected shorter life span, the outcome shows that early interventional strategy is warranted. LC mortality is relatively low despite the highly negative selection bias, especially in the frail – ageing – subcohort. This warrants further studies to increase the cost-effectiveness of NiMiT in our ageing population.

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      P1.17-008 - Results of a close surveillance strategy for subjects with pre-invasive endobronchial squamous lesions (ID 2678)

      09:30 - 16:30  |  Author(s): I. Smesseim

      • Abstract

      Background
      The dismal overall 5-year survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is mainly due to advanced stage of disease at time of initial diagnosis in most and the inability to cure metastatic disease in all patients. In contrast, the prognoses of in situ mucosal and small parenchymal lesions are excellent. Early detection strategies might result in the identification of early-stage, (pre-)invasive lesions that are still eligible for curative treatment. The present study was set out to characterize the risk of lung cancer development in a cohort of high-risk subjects harboring pre-invasive endobronchial lesions and to assess the results of surveillance using autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) and computed tomography (CT) scan.

      Methods
      Between November 1995 and December 2012, one hundred and sixty-four at risk individuals with pre-invasive endobronchial lesions were monitored by repeated AFB and CT. During the course of surveillance, progression of lesions to cancer (in situ), recurrences and second primary cancers were treated with different modalities (e.g. endobronchial techniques, surgery, radiotherapy), depending on tumor stage and location. Log-rank tests were performed to examine the relation between baseline characteristics and progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS, respectively). Cox regression was used for multivariate survival analysis.

      Results
      Demographical and clinical variables of the cohort are shown (Table). At inclusion, 80 individuals were identified with one or more high-grade pre-invasive lesions (severe dysplasia or CIS; HGD), whereas 84 subjects were identified solely with lower grade pre-invasive lesions (LGD). During close surveillance (median follow-up (FU) of 30 months, range 4-152), sixty-one lung cancers were detected (26 CT-detected, 35 AFB-detected cancers) in 55 individuals within a median time to event of 16.5 months. Mean PFS was similar between individuals with radiographically occult lesions vs. FU after surgery for early-stage NSCLC/ENT ca (122.3 vs. 126.9 months, p=0.237) and COPD vs. non-COPD (118.8 vs. 136.8 months, p=0.162). There was a relatively large difference in PFS between LGD and HGD groups (142.6 vs. 93.7 months, p=0.057). Independent risk determinants for OS were indication for surveillance (FU after surgery for early-stage NSCLC/ENT ca vs. radiographically occult lesions, p=0.008) and COPD-status (COPD vs. non-COPD, p<0.001).

      Referral for radiographically occult lesion Follow-up after surgery for early-stage NSCLC / ENT ca
      total
      individuals, n 164 92 72
      Gender
      male 134 72 62
      female 30 20 10
      Age at baseline
      years, mean (range) 64.2 (42-83) 64.8 (42-81) 64.0 (43-82)
      Smoking status
      current smoker 75 44 31
      former smoker 74 36 38
      unknown 15 12 3
      Smoking history
      Pack-years, mean (range) 45 (4-137) 45 (4-120) 40 (15-137)
      COPD-status
      COPD 100 56 44
      non-COPD 45 22 23
      unknown 19 14 5
      AF Bronchoscopies
      Number, mean (range) 7 (1-27) 5 (2-27) 6 (1-18)
      CT-scans
      Number, mean (range) 3 (0-20) 2 (0-20) 3 (0-18)
      No. of detected lung cancers
      During surveillance period 61 29 32
      Parenchymal cancer 21 12 9
      Site-specific lesion progression 24 13 11
      Interval cancer 10 4 6
      Recurrences previous primaries 6 0 6
      Patient outcome
      alive 80 56 24
      died of lung cancer 33 13 20
      died of other/unknown cause 51 23 28

      Conclusion
      Our findings demonstrate that individuals with pre-invasive endobronchial lesions are at high risk of developing (second primary) lung cancers. Combined surveillance using AFB in addition to CT screening facilitated early detection and early (endobronchial) intervention in most patients. Future clinical trials are warranted to determine whether the current approach improves patient outcome.